Extra Reading

Question 1

Are streptococci gram positive or gram negative?

Answer 1

Gram positive

Question 2

Are staphylococci gram positive or gram negative?

Answer 2

Gram positive

Question 3

Is N. mengitidis gram negative or gram positive?

Answer 3

Gram negative

Question 4

Is N. gonorrhoeae gram positive or gram negative?

Answer 4

Gram negative

Question 5

What shape is N. meningitidis?

Answer 5

Cocci

Question 6

What shape is N. gonorhoeae?

Answer 6

Cocci

Question 7

What shape is Haemophilus?

Answer 7

Coccobacilli

Question 8

What shape is Bordetella?

Answer 8

Coccobacilli

Question 9

Is Bordetella gram positive or gram negative?

Answer 9

Gram negative

Question 10

What 2 main groups are gram positive cocci divided into?

Answer 10

Streptococci and staphylococci

Question 11

What 2 groups are gram positive bacilli divided into?

Answer 11

Sporing and non-sporing

Question 12

What are sporing gram positive bacilli subdivided into?

Answer 12

Aerobic and anaerobic

Question 13

What kind of bacteria is Bacillus?

Answer 13

Aerobic, sporing, gram positive bacilli

Question 14

What kind of bacteria is Clostridium?

Answer 14

Anaerobic, sporing, gram positive bacilli

Question 15

What kind of bacteria is Listeria?

Answer 15

Non-sporing, gram positive bacilli

Question 16

What are examples of gram negative bacilli?

Answer 16

Salmonella, shigella, escherichia, pseudomonas, legionella

Question 17

What kind of bacteria is salmonella?

Answer 17

Gram negative bacilli

Question 18

What kind of bacteria is enterobacteriaceae?

Answer 18

Gram negative bacilli

Question 19

What kind of bacteria is shigella?

Answer 19

Gram negative bacilli

Question 20

What kind of bacteria is Escherichia?

Answer 20

Gram negative bacilli

Question 21

What kind of bacteria is Pseudomonas?

Answer 21

Gram negative bacilli

Question 22

What is the clinical significance of Pseudomonas?

Answer 22

Environmental saprophyte naturally resistant to antibiotics and healthcare associated pathogen

Question 23

What kind of bacteria is Legionella?

Answer 23

Gram negative bacilli

Question 24

What kind of bacteria is Helicobacter?

Answer 24

Spiral bacteria

Question 25

What kind of bacteria is Campylobacter?

Answer 25

Spiral bacteria

Question 26

What bacteria causes Lyme disease?

Answer 26

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 27

What kind of cells are phagocytes?

Answer 27

Neutrophils and macrophages

Question 28

What is the phagocytic action against S. pneumoniae?

Answer 28

Capsule coated entirely with anti capsular antibodies before phagocytosis

Question 29

What is the clinical significance of congenital neutrophil deficiency?

Answer 29

Chronic pyrogenic infections, recurrent chest infections and bronchiectasis

Question 30

What might be an adverse effect of splenectomy?

Answer 30

Defective macrophage function and less ability to remove capsulate organisms from blood

Question 31

What is complement?

Answer 31

System of plasma proteins activated by antigen-antibody binding (classic pathway) or direct interaction with bacterial cell wall (alternative pathway) which resists bacterial infection

Question 32

What is the product of complement?

Answer 32

Attraction of phagocytes to site of infection, activation of phagocytes, thus vasodilation and phagocytosis (opsonisation)

Question 33

What is a membrane attack complex?

Answer 33

Activation of phagocytes, vasodilation and phagocytosis

Question 34

Which kind of bacteria does membrane attack complex work against?

Answer 34

Gram negative bacteria

Question 35

If a patient has complement deficiency, what infections may they be susceptible to?

Answer 35

N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae and S. pneumoniae