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PA1: Microbiology > Week 1 Fundamental Microbiology ✅ > Flashcards

Week 1 Fundamental Microbiology ✅ Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Prevent osmotic shock
Rigidity
Polarity

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2
Q

What is the function of the capsule?

A

Defense from the host

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3
Q

What is the function of the flagellum?

A

Motility

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4
Q

What is the function of fimbrae?

A

Enable adherence

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5
Q

What are helminths?

A

Worms

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6
Q

Which cells are eukaryotic?

A

Plant
Animal
Helminthus
Fungi
Protozoa

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7
Q

Which cells are prokaryotic?

A

Bacteria

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8
Q

What is the difference in prokaryotic cells?

A

No organised nucleus - DNA in cytoplasm

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9
Q

Which cells are unicellular?

A

Fungi
Protozoa
Bacteria
Virus

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10
Q

Which cells are multicellular?

A

Plant
Animal
Helminthus
Fungi

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11
Q

Are viruses prokaryotic?

A

NO

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12
Q

What are prions?

A

Proteins that can trigger normal proteins to form abnormally. No DNA or RNA

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13
Q

Give an example of a disease caused by a prion

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

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14
Q

What are zoonotic pathogens?

A

Infectious disease transmitted between animals and humans

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15
Q

How big is a bacterium approx?

A

~2µm

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16
Q

How big is a virus approx?

A

~350nm

17
Q

What is a mutualistic micro-organism?

A

Benefits host

18
Q

What is a commensal micro-organism?

A

Takes from the host but does not harm

19
Q

What is a parasite?

A

Interferes host with function

20
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Causes disease

21
Q

What is an opportunistic pathogen?

A

Mutualistic + pathogen
e.g. immunocompromised picks up infection already in the body

22
Q

How are pathogens diagnosed?

A

Morphology (shape)
External envelopes (gram -ve/+ve)
Structures and functions e.g. flagella
Genetic makeuo
Cellular and population arrangements
Biochemical properties

23
Q

What is the appearance of capsule?

A

Gooey on petri dish

24
Q

What does a capsule cause?

A

High fever
Progresses quickly
Aggressive

25
Q

What is the function of capsule?

A

Retain water
Polysaccharide attached to cell wall
Also block antibodies

26
Q

How is the shape of a bacteria created?

A

By cell wall, NOT the capsule!

27
Q

Are most cocci gram +ve or -ve?

A

=ve

28
Q

What is fimbra/pilus?

A

Attaches to surface

29
Q

What temperature do mesophiles grow?

A

10-45°c, peak at 37°c

30
Q

What pH do neutrophiles grow?

A

6-9

31
Q

What is significance of envelope viruses?

A

Take cell membrane with it!

32
Q

How does virus with RNA replicate?

A

In the cell
RNA turns to DNA
DNA makes the RNA
RNA is encapsulated and passed on

PA1: Microbiology (3 decks)

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