WEEK 3: Respiratory diseases Flashcards
Prevalence asthma worldwide vs NL?
262 mil worldwide
1.8 mil ned
What is asthma/symptoms?
- Reversible airway obstruction
- Chronic airway inflammation
- Airway hyperresponsiveness
- Shortness of breath
- Cough
- Wheezing
How is asthma defined in epi sudies?
- Doctors diagnosed
- Based on symptoms and medication use
Risk factors asthma?
Combination of: – Genetic predisposition – Environmental exposures:
- Indoor allergens (house dust mite, stuffed furniture)
- Outdoor allergens (pollen, moulds)
- Cigarette smoke
- Job-related exposures
- Air pollution
What is COPD?
Aero-obstruction, not reversible.
Emphysema: walls between alveoli are disappearing (area for gas exchange will decrease)
How is asthma defined in epi sudies?
- Doctors diagnosed
- Based on symptoms and medication use
How is COPD defined in epi?
COPD IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES DEFINED BY SPIROMETRY
- FEV1 (volume one can exhale in 1 sec) /FVC (total volume exhaled) < 70% or GOLD stages of severity
- (low) FEV1
Prevalence COPD worldwide vs NL?
WW: 10%
NL: 600.000
Risk factors COPD?
Environmental
* Smoking
* Maternal smoking
* Other people smoking
* Air pollution
* Work-related: pesticides, cooking
Genetic susceptability
Ageing
DNA methylation
How is DNA methylation involved in COPD?
- DNA methylation data (SNPs that may play a role in the onset of COPD)
Identification of genetic variants associated with lung function in never smokers.
Can you observe same pattern in other cohort studies? Yes pattern was seen in other studies as well. DNA methylation in lung tissue. Reversible methylation sites could be a cure
How is ageing involved in COPD?
Gradual, progressive loss of homeostasis, resulting in increased risk of disease or death
COPD: lung function decreases quicker than healthy individual, COPD patients might suffer from accelerated ageing. Their telomer length is significantly lower, more degradation mitochondrial DNA,..
Comparing biological age with ‘actual’ age
