Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PA1: Anatomy > Week 3 Respiratory 2 ✅ > Flashcards

Week 3 Respiratory 2 ✅ Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the frontal sinuses?

A

Opening in semi lunar hiatus in middle meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are the maxillary sinuses?

A

Opening in semi lunar hiatus in middle meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are the ethmoid sinuses?

A

Multiple openings in semi lunar hiatus (anterior), ethmoidal bulla (middle) and superior meatus (posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the sphenoidal sinuses?

A

Opening in spheno-ethmoidal recesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What duct drains tears from the eyes?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the pharynx connect?

A

Nasal and oral cavities to the respiratory and digestive systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is another word for the posterior nasal aperture?

A

Choanae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the nasopharynx?

A

From the choanae to the soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A

Soft palate to epiglottis tip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx?

A

Epiglottis to cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the larynx?

A

Last part before lower respiratory tract
Tube to the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are the vocal cords located?

A

In the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

To cover laryngeal inlet when swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the larynx in relation to the hyoid bone?

A

Larynx is suspended from the hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve - branch of vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

Respiration, phonation, effort closure and swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe how the trachea leads to alveoli

A

Trachea
L/R main bronchus
L/R secondary (lobar) bronchi x2
L/R tertiary (segmental) bronchi x 10
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Acinus of alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the structural difference between cricoid cartilage and c-shaped ring cartilage?

A

Cricoid is a full ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the carina?

A

Bifurcation of the trachea

20
Q

What is the conduction zone?

A

Lobar/secondary bronchi -> terminal bronchioles

21
Q

Which areas does gas exchange take place?

A

Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

22
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have and what are they called?

A

3
Superior lobe, middle lobe and inferior lobe

23
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have and what are they called?

A

2
Superior and inferior lobes

24
Q

What are the fissures of the right lung called?

A

Horizontal fissure
Oblique fissure

25
Q

What are the fissures of the left lung called?

A

Oblique fissure

26
Q

Where is the apex of the lung in relation to the ribs?

A

Above rib 1

27
Q

Where does the base of the lungs sit?

A

On the diaphragm

28
Q

What vessels etc make up the hilum?

A

Pulmonary artery
2 pulmonary veins!
Main bronchus
Bronchial vessels
Nerves
Lymphatics

29
Q

Apart from the vessels, nerves and lymphatics, what else connects to the hilum?

A

Mediastinum pleura
Visceral pleura
Pulmonary ligament
Lobes of lungs (so they can move independently)

30
Q

How many independent segments does the lung have?

A

10

31
Q

Explain the pulmonary circulation

A

Deoxygenated blood from right ventricle enters lungs through 2 pulmonary arteries

The arteries divide into capillaries in the alveoli

Gas exchange occurs

Capillaries become pulmonary veins

Pulmonary veins leave each lung and enter left artium

32
Q

Explain how the lungs themselves are supplied with oxygen (bronchial circulation)

A

Arteries branch off the 3rd posterior intercostal arteries and thoracic aorta

Enter hilum

Divide to supply pulmonary tissue

Return as bronchial veins

Drain into pulmonary veins or azygos

33
Q

How are the lungs innervated?

A

Vagus nerve - constricts bronchioles

Sympathetic trunk - dilates bronchioles

34
Q

Explain the layers of pleura

A

Lung
Visceral pleura
Pleural space
Parietal pleura

(balloon analogy)

35
Q

What is a pleural recess?

A

Where lungs do not fully fill - unless forced inspiration (N.B. PLEURA DOES)

36
Q

What are the 2 different types of pleural recess?

A

Costodiaphragmatic - fluid pools here due to gravity

Costomediastinal - largest on the left where it overlies the heart

37
Q

How does the sternum move?

A

Superior and anterior - like a pump handle

38
Q

How do the ribs move>

A

Laterally, upwards and outwards - like a bucket handle

39
Q

What is fixed diaphragm? How do you raise intra-abdominal pressure?

A

Laryngeal cavity closed
Air retained in thorax
Abdominal muscles contract

Causes increased pressure to allow for micturition, child birth, defecation, lift something heavy

40
Q

What muscles are used for normal inspiration?

A

External intercostals
Diaphragm

41
Q

What muscles are used for forced inspiration?

A

Scalene muscles
Any muscle attached to ribs

42
Q

What muscles are used for quiet breathing?

A

Passive recoil of lungs, rib cage and diaphragm

43
Q

What muscles are used for active breathing?

A

Internal intercostals
Abdominal muscles (accessory mucles)

44
Q

Where do the external intercostals run from?

A

From rib tubercles to costochondrial junctions

45
Q

Where do the internal and innermost intercostals run from?

A

From lateral border of sternum to angle of the ribs

46
Q
A

PA1: Anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions