Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urinary System > Week 3 - Renal Blood Flow > Flashcards

Week 3 - Renal Blood Flow Flashcards

1
Q

What supplies the kidneys with blood?

A

Renal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the blood supply of the kidneys starting with renal artery?

A 
Renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar artery
Arcutate artery
Interlobular artery - gives rise to afferent arteriole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What arterioles bring blood to and from glomerulus?

A

Afferent brings blood to and efferent brings blood away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is vasa recta?

A

Type of peritubular capillary only found in nephrons

Forms 2 parallel looks around loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

Juxtamedullary have much longer loops of henle and have vasa recta
The afferent arterioles in cortical nephrons has a wider diameter than the efferent arterioles, they are similar diameters in juxtamedullary nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How much blood is filtered at one time?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the glomerulus found?

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is different about the non filtered blood?

A

Increased haematocrit as some plasma removed
Increased concentration of albumin
Increased oncotic potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is filtered at the glomerulus?

A

Water, salts and small molecules pass through

Cells and large proteins dont

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three layers of the filtration barrier?

A

Capillary endothelium, basement membrane, podocyte layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the capillary endothelium filter?

A

Water, salts and glucose move between cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the basement membrane filter?

A

Permeable to small proteins

Made of negatively charged glycoproteins that repel protein movement as they are negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the podocyte layer do?

A

Forms filtration slits

Albumin and blood cells cant fit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What problem may occur to the podocyte layer?

A

May block or break and let everything through causing blood and proteins to be found in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is proteinuria and what is it caused by?

A

Protein is found in urine

In many disease processes the negative charge on filtration barrier is lost so proteins are more readily filtered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the forces involved in plasma filtration?

A

Hydrostatic pressure in capillary
Hydrostatic pressure in bowman’s capsule
Oncotic pressure difference between capillary and tubular lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is the hydrostatic pressure in the capillary so high?

A

Afferent arteriole is larger in diameter than efferent arteriole
This means more blood flows in than out therefore increasing the pressure

18
Q

What are the 2 types of autoregulation?

A

Myogenic response

Tubular glomerular feedback

19
Q

What affect would increased afferent resistance have on filtration?

A

Reduce

20
Q

What effect would decreased afferent resistance have on filtration?

A

Increase

21
Q

What effect would increasing efferent resistance have on filtration?

A

Increase

22
Q

What would the myogenic response be to increased blood pressure?

A

Afferent arteriole constriction

23
Q

What would the myogenic response be to a decrease in blood pressure?

A

Afferent arteriole dilatation

24
Q

What are the limits of blood pressure that autoregulation can control?

A

80-180 mmHg

25
Q

How does tubular glomerular feedback work?

A

Macular densor cells sense change in NaCl that reaches tubule, this is dependant on filtration rates

26
Q

How do the macular densor cells detect NaCl?

A

Uptake through NaK2Cl co-transporters in apical membrane

27
Q

Wat is released to decrease GFR?

A

Adenosine - vasodilator of efferent arterioles

28
Q

What is released to increase GFR?

A

Prostaglandins - vasodilator of afferent arterioles

29
Q

What is tubular reabsorption?

A

Solutes and water removed from tubular fluid and transported into blood

30
Q

Describe reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Isosmotic

Driven by sodium uptake

31
Q

What causes water reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Lots of proteins in capillaries, high oncotic force so reabsorb lots of water

32
Q

Is reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule transcellular or paracellular?

A

Can be both

33
Q

What is the importance of urea?

A

Helps regulate osmolarity in kidney

34
Q

How does tubular reabsorption of sodium work?

A

Sodium pumped out across basolateral membrane by Na-K-ATPase
This reduces intracellular sodium concentration
Sodium moves across apical/luminal membrane down concentration gradient

35
Q

How does the intracellular concentration of potassium remain stable?

A

Leaky basolateral membrane so no net change

36
Q

What is isosmotic reasorbtion?

A

Taking salts and water together so osmolarity hasn’t changed

37
Q

What is the function of Na-H antiporter and where is it found?

A

Regulates acid balance

Found in proximal tubule

38
Q

What is the function of Na-glucose symporter and where is it found?

A

Reabsorbed all the glucose

Found in the proximal tubule

39
Q

What is an antiporter?

A

Secondary active transport of 2 different ions across plasma membrane in opposite directions

40
Q

What is a symporter?

A

Secondary active transport of 2 different ions across plasma membrane in same direction

41
Q

Describe glucose uptake

A

SGLUT - sodium glucose transporter
2 sodium ions and one glucose
Moves against glucose concentration gradient

42
Q

Why isn’t all glucose reabsorbed in untreated diabetics?

A

When plasma exceeds the transport maximum for glucose it spills over into the urine

Urinary System (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions