Week 2 - Development Of The Urinary Tract

Question 1

Where do the kidney receive their arterial supply from?

Answer 1

Direct branch of abdominal aorta

Question 2

What do the kidneys develop from?

Answer 2

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 3

Where does the first kidney system appear?

Answer 3

Cervical region

Question 4

What is the first kidney system called?

Answer 4

The pronephros

Question 5

What is the second kidney system called?

Answer 5

Mesonephros

Question 6

What is the third kidney system called?

Answer 6

Metanephris

Question 7

What is the purpose of the pronephros?

Answer 7

No filtration function, pronephric duct which extends from the cervical region to the cloaca and drives the next developmental stage

Question 8

What is the urogenital ridge?

Answer 8

Region of intermediate mesoderm giving rise to both the embryonic kidney and the gonad

Question 9

What direction do the mesonephric tubules develop?

Answer 9

Caudal to pronephric region (up)

Question 10

What makes up the embryonic kidney?

Answer 10

Mesonephric tubules and mesonephric duct

Question 11

What does the mesonephris do?

Answer 11

Mesonephric duct sprouts uteric bud which induces development of definitive kidney, also have important role in development of reproductive system in males

Question 12

How does the ureteric bud develop?

Answer 12

Contacts metanephric blastema, bud expands and branches and forms pelvis and major and minor calyxes, collecting system derived from bud itself, excretory component os derived from intermediate mesoderm but under the influence of the ureteric bud

Question 13

How do the kidneys ascend?

Answer 13

Metanephric kidney first appears in the pelvic region, undergoes caudal to cranial shift

Question 14

What is renal agenesis?

Answer 14

Where no kidney develops at all, caused by ureteric bud failing to interact with intermediate mesoderm

Question 15

What is ectopic ureter?

Answer 15

Goes to wrong place e.g. Vagina

Question 16

What causes duplication defects and ectopic kidneys?

Answer 16

Splitting of the ureteric bud (partial or complete)

Question 17

What is the cloaca?

Answer 17

Where the gastrointestinal, urinary and reproductive tracts all end in early development

Question 18

What is the urogenital sinus made from?

Answer 18

Created from hindgut by urorectal septum, continuous with umbilicus

Question 19

What is the tube going from the umbilicus called?

Answer 19

Urachus

Question 20

What is the urogenital sinus composed of?

Answer 20

Largest upper part - future bladder. Pelvic part and phallic part - both parts of future urethra

Question 21

Describe the development of the mades bladder?

Answer 21

Mesonephric ducts reach urogenital sinus, ureteric bud sprouts from mesonephric ducts, smooth musculature begins to appear, urogenital sinus begins to expand, ureteric buds and mesonephric ducts make independent openings into urogenital sinus, prostate and preprostatic urethra forms

Question 22

Describe the development of the bladder in females?

Answer 22

Mesonephric ducts reach urogenital sinus, ureteric bud sprouts from mesonephric ducts, urogenital sinus begins to expand, mesonephric ducts begin to regress, regression continues and ureteric bud opens into urogenital sinus

Question 23

How is the female urethra formed?

Answer 23

By pelvic part of urogenital sinus

Question 24

What are sections of the male urethra and what are they formed from?

Answer 24

Pre-prostatic, prostatic and membranous all formed by pelvic part of urogenital sinus, spongy part formed by phallic part of urogenital sinus

Question 25

Hows is the spongy urethra formed?

Answer 25

Genital tubercle elongates and genital folds fuse

Question 26

What is exstrophy if the bladder?

Answer 26

Where bladder opens onto abdominal wall

Question 27

What is hypospadias?

Answer 27

Defect in fusion of urethral folds, urethra opens onto ventral surface rather than at end of glans