WEEK 3 - QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS

Question 1

Quantitative research

Answer 1

Deduce assumptions from prior theory, test those assumptions and conform or reject them in a systemic way.

Question 2

Operationalization

Answer 2

Defining the construct of what we want to measure.
- behavior or construct.
- observable or latent.
- IV, DV, mediator or moderator.

Question 3

Measurement

Answer 3

the quantification of a variable so it can be compared and related to other variables

Question 4

Reliability

Answer 4

consistency of the measure. Are the results similar at different times?

Question 5

Validity

Answer 5

whether a measure actually measures what we suppose to measure.

Question 6

Internal validity

Answer 6

the extent to which an experiment is free from errors and the difference in measurement are only due to the manipulated variable.
- are there no other aspects that may cause difference in result?

Question 7

External validity

Answer 7

the extent to which the findings of the study are generalizable to other people, contexts, and stimuli.
- specific sample? diversity in sample?

Question 8

Ecological validity

Answer 8

the extent to which the findings of the study are generalizable to real-world life-settings.
- experiment setting, real behavior? real feeling/ attitude reported?

Question 9

Self-reports

Answer 9

Answers that are given by the participants

Question 10

Measurement biases

Answer 10

• open vs. closed response format
• interpretation of rating scales
• reference point of frequency scales
• question wording and order
• scale direction

Question 11

Acquiescence responding style

Answer 11

tendency to always agree

Question 12

Disacquiescene responding

Answer 12

tendency to always disagree

Question 13

Netacquiescene responding

Answer 13

tendency to show a greater agreement than disagreement

Question 14

Extreme responding

Answer 14

tendency to answer too extreme values

Question 15

Response range

Answer 15

tendency to always chose narrow or broad ranges

Question 16

Midpoint responding

Answer 16

tendency to always chose the middle option

Question 17

Non-contingent responding

Answer 17

carelessly responding

Question 18

Recall/ Memory bias

Answer 18

when participants do not accurately remember their past behavior they are questioned about.

Question 19

Social desirability bias

Answer 19

respondents’ perception of what is socially accepted answer.

Question 20

Click-through and attention bias

Answer 20

when the participants fail to read the instructions or answers.

Question 21

Self-selection bias

Answer 21

when participants who select themselves to participate in the survey differ from those who do not participate.

Question 22

Non-response bias

Answer 22

when actual participants differ from non-participants

Question 23

Survey

Answer 23

uses structured questionnaires administrated to a sample of the target population, designed to gather information from participants.

Question 24

Webscraping

Answer 24

collecting data from the internet for research purposes.

Question 25

Secondary data

Answer 25

data previously collected for some purpose other than the problem at hand.