week 3 presenting data Flashcards

1
Q

univariate

A

one variable

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2
Q

bivariate

A

2 variables

IV and DV

more than 2 relationships

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3
Q

multivariate

A

more than 2 variables

complex relationships

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4
Q

noise

A

not part of testing logic, but interferes with the tested variation and defines reliability of results

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5
Q

where does the IV go on a graph

A

x-axis

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6
Q

where does the DV go on a graph

A

y-axis

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7
Q

where does noise go on a graph

A

error bars

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8
Q

give an example of noise

A

individual differences

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9
Q

discrete data

A

integer values, potentially values eg number of cars in car park

no fractions or decimals

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10
Q

continuous data

A

infinitesimal, real numbers eg time, temp and height

can include fractions or decimals

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11
Q

what is the general rule for freedom

A

more freedom = more versatile but less organized

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12
Q

pie chart

A

continuous, ratio-scaled axis presented as a circle

can include discrete data shown as wedges/circular sectors

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13
Q

pro of pie chart

A

relate parts/wedges to the whole

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14
Q

cons of pie chart

A

limited to 2 sources of variation - no error bars

requires ratio-scales, but finite data to define beginning and end of circumference

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15
Q

pro of bar chart

A

highlighting distance from 0 or baseline = constant value

highlight differences across groups or conditions = nominal

visualise groups and conditions

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16
Q

cons of bar chart

A

no continuos X - one axis needs to be discrete

clutter with many scores

17
Q

pros of line chart

A

shows trends and relationship

as change in y…change in x

18
Q

cons of line chart

A

covariation - useless when multiple data points per x-value

less efficient for grouping than bars

19
Q

pros of scattergraph

A

covariation

visuals 2D measures, bivariate distribution

20
Q

cons of line graph

A

lacks structure

occlusion

free floating points - clutter

21
Q

what is aggregation by frequency

A

individual data points are grouped and summarized based on how often they occur within specific categories, intervals, or values

22
Q

steps for aggregation

A
  1. define categories
  2. count occurrence
  3. summarise data eg frequency table - can work out %
23
Q

where does frequency go on a graph

24
Q

binning

A

transform continuous data into discrete data by allocating the continuous data to intervals (bins)

25
histogram
a bar chart using bins to display continuous data
26
how does negative skew look in a histogram
left tail is lower
27
when do you use a histogram
for frequency and probability density
28
frequency density
frequency of data per equal interval = frequency/bin size
29
probability density
probability of data per value
30
cumulative sum or running total
sum of frequencies progressively
31
what type of graph would you choose if both IV and DV were qualitative (nominal or ordinal)
bar chart
32
how to show standard deviation on a graph
standard error bars
33
how can you represent an assymetrical distribution
box and whisker plot
34
where is the outcome on a bivariate distribution
y axis
35
where is predictor on a bivariate distribution
x axis
36
when are mean and median the same
when the same number of values occurs on either side of the mean
37
what does it mean when the distance between minimum and the mean is smaller than the SD
the distribution is positively skewed