Week 3 P&I Flashcards
How much alcohol is a unit?
8g in the UK
What will the majority of alcohol abusers develop?
Steatosis
What can steatosis progress to?
Steatohepatitis
What percentage of alcohol abusers will develop cirrhosis?
10-20%
What is cirrhosis?
a combination of fibrosis and nodule development and regenerative tissue trying to regenerate in these nodules
What turns alcohol into acetaldehyde in the central pathway of alcohol metabolism?
ADH - Alcohol dehydrogenase
What turns acetaldehyde into acetate in the central pathway of alcohol metabolism?
ALDH - Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
What are the two side pathways of alcohol metabolism?
- MEOS - microsomal ethanol oxidising system
2. Catalase
What enzyme is used in the MEOS pathway of alcohol metabolism?
CYP2E1
Where does the catalase pathway take place for alcohol metabolism?
Peroxisomes
What is a product of both side pathways of alcohol metabolism?
ROS - reactive oxygen species
What happens if there is excess of alcohol in the main metabolic pathway?
The central pathway can’t handle it by itself so it begins to go to the side pathways.
What are the consequences of acetaldehyde production?
- Binds to proteins and DNA –> prevents transcription of DNA
- Stimulates collagen production by Stellate cells
What are the consequences of acetate production?
Increased acetyl co-A promotes inflammation by histone acetylation –> prevents transcription
What are the consequences of increased NADH/NAD ratio?
Increased fatty acid synthesis; reduced fatty acid oxidation which promotes steatosis