Week 3 Notes

Question 1

what did McLeod and Crowe report as the English consonants (90-100%) mastered by age 2?

Answer 1

p

Question 2

what did McLeod and Crowe report as the English consonants (90-100%) mastered by age 3?

Answer 2

b, t, d, k, g, m, n, ng, f, h, y, and w

Question 3

what did McLeod and Crowe report as the English consonants (90-100%) mastered by age 4?

Answer 3

v, s, z, sh, ch, J, and I

Question 4

what did McLeod and Crowe report as the English consonants (90-100%) mastered by age 5?

Answer 4

th (voiced), zh, and r

Question 5

what did McLeod and Crowe report as the English consonants (90-100%) mastered by age 6?

Answer 5

th (voiceless)

Question 6

based on the data collected by McLeod and Crowe, how would you describe the place and manner of earliest to later mastered sounds?

Answer 6

-bilabials and glides develop first (babbling)
-followed by sounds that are the most visable/teachable (nasals, alvelors, + stops)
-then fricatives and affricates

Question 7

what is the approximate intelligibility expectations for ages 2, 3, and 4?

Answer 7

2- 50% (at least half)
3- 75%
4- 90%

Question 8

do babies exposed to more than one language exhibit slower speech/language development?

Answer 8

no they do not

Question 9

what are two key points of the Ertmer (2011) article?

Answer 9

1. Children implanted with CI’s before the age of 3 and HA’s before 6 months old had the highest intelligibility scores.
2. Just using word-based articulation tests is not reliable, you also need to get a connected speech sample to determine intelligibility.

Question 10

What are two key points of the Broome et. al. (2021) article?

Answer 10

1. it is important for clinicians to use independent speech analysis with kids who have autism
2. ?

Question 11

Identify and describe at least 4 commonly documented normal speech characteristics of AAE

Answer 11

1. replacing “th” sound with /f/
2. rug vs “ru” dropping the final consonant
3. pronunciation differences (oi-el vs ol for oil)
4. different stress intonation (ju-ly vs jaly for July)

Question 12

what are commonly used deficit terms that need to be corrected in relation to AAE?

Answer 12

final consonant deletion
substitution
stopping

Question 13

According to Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982) what is considered mild?

Answer 13

85-100%

Question 14

According to Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982) what is considered mild-moderate?

Answer 14

65-85%

Question 15

According to Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982) how do we calculate the percentage/severity?

Answer 15

percentage of consonants correct divided by total consonants X 100

Question 16

According to Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982) what is considered moderate-severe?

Answer 16

50-65%

Question 17

According to Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982) what is considered severe?

Answer 17

less than 50%

Question 18

summarize recommended report statements regarding dialects/English varieties

Answer 18

student demonstrates speech and lang patterns that are consistent with AAE/another dialect and was not penalized for their use of these features

Question 19

what is the WHO of articulation approach (chapter 17)?

Answer 19

school age children with articulation errors

Question 20

what is the WHAT of articulation approach (chapter 17)?

Answer 20

focused on motor with sub focus on auditory training

Question 21

what is the WHY of articulation approach (chapter 17)?

Answer 21

randomized control; articulation therapy studied for longer

Question 22

what is the HOW of articulation approach (chapter 17)?

Answer 22

procedures; verbal, visual, and tactile

Question 23

what processes do we want gone by 3 years old?

Answer 23

-initial consonant deletion
-final consonant deletion (mostly gone)
-pre-voicing (largely gone)
-reduplication (largely gone)
-assimulation

Question 24

what processes persist after 3?

Answer 24

-stopping
-gliding
-cluster reduction
-appenthesis (slight insert of shwa)