phonological processes

Question 1

what are the place, manner, and voicing of /p/ and /b/?

Answer 1

a voiceless and voiced bilabial stops

Question 2

what is the place, manner and voicing of /m/?

Answer 2

voiced bilabial nasal

Question 3

what is the place, manner, and voicing of /w/?

Answer 3

voiced bilabial glide

Question 4

what are the place, manner, and voicing of /v/ and /f/?

Answer 4

voiced and voiceless labiodental fricatives

Question 5

what are the place manner and voicing of the two /th/ phonemes?

Answer 5

voiced and voiceless interdental fricatives

Question 6

what are the place, manner, and voicing of /t/ and /d/?

Answer 6

voiceless and voiced alveolar stops

Question 7

what are the place manner and voicing of /s/ and /z/?

Answer 7

voiceless and voiced alveolar fricatives

Question 8

what are the place manner and voicing of /n/ and /l/?

Answer 8

/n/ is a voiced alveolar nasal and /l/ is a voiced alveolar liquid

Question 9

what are the place, manner, and voicing of /ch/ and /d3/?

Answer 9

voiceless and voiced palatal affricates

Question 10

what are the place, manner, and voicing of /sh/ and /3/?

Answer 10

voiceless and voiced palatal fricatives

Question 11

what are the place, manner, and voicing of /r/ and /j/?

Answer 11

voiced palatal liquid and voiced palatal glide

Question 12

what are the place, manner, and voicing of /k/ and /g/?

Answer 12

voiceless and voiced velar stops

Question 13

what is the place manner and voicing of /ng/?

Answer 13

voiced velar nasal

Question 14

what are the place, manner, and voicing of /h/ and /?/

Answer 14

voiceless glottal fricatives and voiceless glottal stop

Question 15

what is an example of an unstressed syllable deletion?

Answer 15

“mado” for tomato
“tefone” for telephone
“efant” for elephant

Question 16

what are some examples of reduplication?

Answer 16

baba for bottle
dada for dog
tete for television

Question 17

what is an example of diminutization?

Answer 17

the addition of “ee” to the end of a word such as “cupy” for cup or “blankey” for blanket

Question 18

what is epenthesis?

Answer 18

insertion of an unstressed vowel (usually a shwa) between two consonants

ex: buh-lu for blue
puh-late for plate
cup-uh for cup

Question 19

what is final consonant deletion?

Answer 19

omission of final singleton consonant or entire consonant cluster

ex: bu- for books
du- dog
kar-pa for carpet

Question 20

what is initial consonant deletion?

Answer 20

omission of single consonant in words in the initial position or entire cluster

ex: own- phone
ah-zit for closet
owe- for show

Question 21

what is cluster reduction?

Answer 21

-deletion or substitution of some or all members of a cluster
-more common in initial position ,rare in final position

Question 22

what is substitution?

Answer 22

one class of sound substituted for another

Question 23

define stopping

Answer 23

most often defined as the substitution of stops for fricatives and affricates

ex: tu for shoe
dit for sit

Question 24

define deaffrication

Answer 24

replacement of an affricate by a stop or fricative

ex: tair for chair
sahp for chop
dahb for job
dim for gym

Question 25

define velar fronting

Answer 25

more common in word initial than word final position ex: tahp for cop dum for gum rin for ring tup for cup

Question 26

define depalatilzation

Answer 26

examples: tek for check duds for judge dane for Jane

Question 27

define backing

Answer 27

examples: bike for bite hope for soap kop for top

Question 28

define liquid gliding

Answer 28

/w/ for /r/

Question 29

define vocalization

Answer 29

vowelization ex: simpo for simple eh-bo for able tay-bo for table

Question 30

define assimilation

Answer 30

the effect of one sound on another; sound that changes and a sound that causes change

Question 31

what are examples of labial assimilation?

Answer 31

bib for big peb for pen wap for wax mob for moss

Question 32

define velar assimilation

Answer 32

affects alveolar and palatal consonants

Question 33

what are some examples of nasal assimilation?

Answer 33

mom for mop nong for long nown for nose

Question 34

what is an example of alveolar assimilation?

Answer 34

tawt for toss or soot for soup

Question 35

define prevocalic voicing

Answer 35

voiceless sound preceding a vowel becomes voiced ex: vight for flight bye for pie den for ten

Question 36

what are examples of postvocalic devoicing?

Answer 36

pik for pig tuk for tug sat for sad

Question 37

what are phonological processes gone by age 3?

Answer 37

final consonant deletion unstressed syllable deletion diminutization velar fronting assimilation reduplication prevocalic voicing