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Psych 1000 > Week 3: Neuroscience > Flashcards

Week 3: Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the smallest building blocks?

A

neurons

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2
Q

3 types of neurons

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Motor
  3. Interneurons
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3
Q

3 parts of a neuron

A

dendrite, cell body, and axon

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4
Q

A gap between 2 neurons is called what?

A

a synapse

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5
Q

What are the jobs of the 3 parts of the neurons?

A

dendrites: receives info from other neurons
cell body: processes info
axon: sends info to other neurons

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6
Q

What is the first step of neural communication?

A

A message opens the gates and ions w/ positive charges enter

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7
Q

“firing” is what?

A

when the positive charges fire through the axon

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8
Q

What do terminal buttons release?

A

neurotransmitters

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9
Q

Neurotransmitters crosses synapses into what?

A

a second neuron

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10
Q

Neurotransmitters decides if it fires or not how fast?

A

milliseconds

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11
Q

What carries excitatory or inhibitory messages?

A

neurotransmitters

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12
Q

Neurons combine and calculate messages for an outcome where?

A

the cell body

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13
Q

What are the 3 ways extra neurotransmitters are disposed of? what do they do?

A
  1. Auto receptors- detects when enough neurotransmitters are released
  2. Reuptake- neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by presynaptic terminal buttons
  3. Enzyme deactivation- enzymes destroy excess neurotransmitters
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14
Q

Communication in neurons is what, while communications between neurons are what?

A

electrical; chemical

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15
Q

True or False: The brain uses an electrochemical system.

A

True

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16
Q

Electrical systems are good at what, while chemical systems are good at what?

A

transmitting simple info quickly; disseminating complex info

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17
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the peripheral nervous system?

A

autonomic and somatic

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18
Q

The autonomic system has what 2 divisions?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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19
Q

Which system regulates organs and glands involuntarily?

A

autonomic

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20
Q

What system activates the body for action while what system prepares the body for rest?

A

sympathetic; parasympathetic

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21
Q

The somatic system does what?

A

Transmits sensory info from organ to brain and motor commands from brain to muscles

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22
Q

What are the different types of neurons?

A

1.Mechanoreceptors- feels pressure on skin
2. Proprioceptors- position of body/muscles
3. Thermoreceptors- external temperature
4. Nociceptors- senses pain

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23
Q

What system is the body’s hormone system?

A

endocrine system

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24
Q

The pituitary gland is in what system?

A

endocrine system

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25
Q

The master gland is also known as what?

A

the pituitary gland

26
Q

What controls the pituitary gland?

A

the hypothalamus

27
Q

True or False: Hormones are faster and more reaching.

A

False

28
Q

What are some examples of what the endocrine system regulates?

A

sex, eating, sleeping, aggression, socializing, and parenting

29
Q

The brain evolved from bottom and what?

A

inside out

30
Q

What areas of the brain control the more complex functions?

A

higher and outer

31
Q

What are the 3 principles of brain function?

A
  1. hierarchical organization
  2. Localization of function
  3. distributed processing
32
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain?

A

Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

33
Q

Which part of the brain controls basic life functions?

A

hindbrain

34
Q

The hindbrain has what 3 anatomical structures?

A

Medulla, cerebellum, and pons

35
Q

Motor skill is controlled by what in the hindbrain?

A

cerebellum

36
Q

heart rate, circulation, and respiration are controlled by what?

A

medulla

37
Q

Pons relays information from the cerebellum to the forebrain to regulate what?

A

sleeping and dreaming

38
Q

Motivation and reward are associated with which part of the brain?

A

Midbrain

39
Q

what are the 2 parts of the midbrain?

A

tectum and tegmentum

40
Q

True or False: The Tectum orients a person to their environment.

A

True

41
Q

True or False: The midbrain controls the complex and emotional function of the brain.

A

False

42
Q

What is also known as the sensory switchboard of the forebrain?

A

thalamus

43
Q

what is the only sense that has a direct connection to the cerebral cortex?

A

smell

44
Q

Who sends sensory information to the cerebral cortex?

A

thalamus

45
Q

the limbic system is involved in what functions?

A

motivation, emotion, learning, and memory

46
Q

The hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala are in what system?

A

limbic system

47
Q

What are the 4 F’s the hypothalamus is in charge of?

A

fighting, fleeing, feeding, and mating

48
Q

Emotions are involved in what part of the limbic system?

A

amyglada

49
Q

Short term memories to long term memories are involved in what part of the limbic system?

A

hippocampus

50
Q

What is the term for when each hemisphere in the cerebral cortex controls the opposite side of the body?

A

contralateral control

51
Q

What connects both hemispheres?

A

corpus callosum

52
Q

How many lobes are in the cerebral cortex?

A

4

53
Q

Which lobe processes the visual information?

A

occipital lobe

54
Q

Which lobe processes touch and movement?

A

parietal lobe

55
Q

Which lobe processes abstract thinking, planning, and judgement?

A

frontal lobe

56
Q

the orbitofrontal cortex deals with what?

A

personality and emotion

57
Q

Which lobe processes sounds, object, and facial recognition?

A

Temporal lobe

58
Q

True or False: Boccas area deals with language comprehension.

A

False; language production

59
Q

Damage to the temporal lobe can lead to what?

A

object agnosia

60
Q

True or False: Wernicke’s area deals with language comprehension

A

true

Psych 1000 (4 decks)

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