Week 2: Research Methods

Question 1

The scientific method is grounded in?

Answer 1

systematic behaviors

Question 2

what are the 3 sections of the scientific method?

Answer 2

Theoretical, empirical, and analytical

Question 3

A hypothesis or theory must be what?

Answer 3

falsifiable

Question 4

What is the operation definition of empirical?

Answer 4

specific, concrete, quantifiable descriptions of how you’re going to study the variables

Question 5

Studies must be easy to what?

Answer 5

replicate

Question 6

Studies must have high what?

Answer 6

reliability and validity (consistency and accuracy)

Question 7

Description of case studies

Answer 7

-1 person studied
-can’t use the info to generalize everyone
- can be a source of a new hypothesis

Question 8

Observing people in their own natural enviorment is what type of studies?

Answer 8

naturalistic observation

Question 9

Observing people in their own natural environment is what type of studies?

Answer 9

naturalistic observation

Question 10

What is a pro and a con of naturalistic observation?

Answer 10

Pros: See real life behavior
Con: no conclusion about cause and affect due to only seeing observable behavior

Question 11

surveys and questionaries pros and cons?

Answer 11

pros:
-cheap and easy
-ask ppl directly about themselves
Cons:
-lying
-ppl might not have self awareness

Question 12

Corrrelational studies show what?

Answer 12

the relationship between 2 variables

Question 13

what are the types of correlational relationships?

Answer 13

positive, negative, zero or near zero

Question 14

r stands for what?

Answer 14

correlational coefficent

Question 15

True or False: Correlation is causation

Answer 15

false

Question 16

What is a directionality problem?

Answer 16

when Z causes X or Y

Question 17

What is a variable?

Answer 17

anything that can vary between people or between groups in an experiment

Question 18

what is an experiment?

Answer 18

a study that investigates the casual effect of 1 variable onn another

Question 19

What is the only type of study that shows us cause and effect?

Answer 19

correlational study

Question 20

The independent variable is what while the dependent variable is what?

Answer 20

IV: what is manipulated, DV: what is measured

Question 21

In a study you need what 2 types of groups?

Answer 21

control and experimental

Question 22

A what study prevents expectancy effects?

Answer 22

double-blind

Question 23

Good experiments maximize what?

Answer 23

internal and external validity?

Question 24

What variable could mess up an experiment?

Answer 24

confound

Question 25

What is the solution to a confound variable?

Answer 25

random assingment

Question 26

3 ways to guarantee identical control and experiment group?

Answer 26

1. Calculate the like hood that random assignment has failed (less than 5%)
2. Make large groups
3. Make it replicable

Question 27

Random selection is what while random assignment is what?

Answer 27

external validity; internal validity

Question 28

What are cons of expirements

Answer 28

1. Artificial conditions
2. Ethical/ moral reasons