Week 3- Neoplasia

Question 1

Apoptosis

Answer 1

Programmed cell death that occurs naturally in the body as a way to eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells.

Question 2

Metaplasia

Answer 2

A reversible change where one type of adult cell is replaced by another type, often as an adaptive response to chronic irritation or inflammation.

Question 3

Hyperplasia

Answer 3

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, leading to its enlargement. It can be a normal or pathological process.

Question 4

Neoplasia

Answer 4

he uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells or tissues, which forms a neoplasm (tumour). This growth can be benign or malignant.

Question 5

Tumour

Answer 5

An abnormal mass of tissue that results from excessive cell proliferation. Tumours can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Question 6

Malignancy

Answer 6

A term used to describe a cancerous tumor that has the ability to invade surrounding tissues and spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.

Question 7

Dysplasia

Answer 7

Abnormal development or growth of cells within a tissue, often considered precancerous. It can range from mild to severe.

Question 8

Angiogenesis

Answer 8

The formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, a process often co-opted by tumors to supply nutrients and oxygen for growth.

Question 9

Homogenous vs heterogenous

Answer 9

Homogeneous: Consisting of cells or tissues that are uniform in structure or composition. Heterogeneous: Consisting of cells or tissues that are diverse or varied in structure or composition.

Question 10

Invasion/ infiltrative

Answer 10

The ability of cancer cells to spread into surrounding tissues, breaking through normal tissue boundaries.

Question 11

encapsulated

Answer 11

A tumour that is enclosed in a fibrous capsule, which may help prevent it from spreading to surrounding tissues.

Question 12

Differentiated (highly/well- vs poorly/un-)

Answer 12

Highly/Well-Differentiated: Tumour cells that closely resemble normal cells in structure and function. Poorly/Un-Differentiated: Tumour cells that look and behave very differently from normal cells, often indicating a more aggressive cancer.

Question 13

carcinoma-in-situ

Answer 13

A localized, non-invasive cancer that is confined to the layer of cells where it began and has not spread to surrounding tissues.

Question 14

metastasis/metastasize.

Answer 14

The spread of cancer cells from the original tumour site to other parts of the body, forming secondary tumours.