Week 3: MSK Challenges Flashcards
Describe structure and function of bone
Epiphysis, dyaphisis main-shaft, metaphysis, epiphyseal plate, periosteum fibrous connective tissue, medullary-marrow
Epiphysis
Wiedened area at each end, mostly cancellous (spongy bone), width allows weight distribution, location of muscle attachments covered by articular cartilage
Diaphysis
Main shaft, structural support
Metaphysis
Flared area between epiphysis and diaphysis
Epiphyseal plate
Growth zone between epiphysis and metaphysis, 18-25 years plates harden and metaphysis and epiphysis join
Periosteum fibrous connective tissue that covers bone
Penetrated by blood vessels that nourish underlying bone
Medullary-marrow
centre of diaphysis; contains either red or yellow marrow; child hematopoiesis occurs only in red marrow;
Describe X-ray
X-rays can be used to examine most areas of the body. They’re mainly used to look at the bones and joints, although they’re sometimes used to detect problems affecting soft tissue, such as internal organs. Problems that may be detected during an X-ray include: bone fractures and breaks.
(2D)
Describe CT
(3D) CT scans may be performed to help diagnose tumors, investigate internal bleeding, or check for other internal injuries or damage.
This is done by using multiple X-rays
Describe MRI
an MRI may be used to examine bones, joints, and soft tissues such as cartilage, muscles, and tendons and uses strong magnetic and radio waves to capture this.
Describe Arthrogram
An arthrogram injection is an injection of a radioactive tracer into a joint to allow better visualisation of internal joint structures during a Nuclear Medicine examination.
Describe bone scan
A bone scan involves an injection of a radiopharmaceutical into a vein in the arm. This radiopharmaceutical moves from the blood into your bones, at which point scans are done.
What is an osteoblast?
Bone forming cells
What is an osetocyte?
Mature bone cells
What is an osteoclast?
Break down bone tissue (helds assist with bone remodling by removing old bone like shedding)
What is delayed union
Healing does not occur in expected time
What is nonunion
Healing does not occur at all
What is arthrocentesis? What’s it also called?
Joint aspiration. Doctor uses needle to take fluid out of a joint. For diagnostic and for therapeutic purposes
What is discography?
An imaging test used to evaluate back pain/ X-ray dye is injected under gentle pressure into discs of spine
When a normal disc is injected, you will feel a sense of pressure, but not pain. When an abnormal disc is injected, you will feel pain.
What is DEXA?
Test that uses low levels of x-rays to measure how dense your bones are
What is quantitative ultrasound (QUS)?
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a relatively recent and noninvasive method of estimating bone mineral status at peripheral skeleton. In addition to bone density, QUS methods provide some structural information, which may be important in determining the fracture risk
What is alkaline phosphatase?
Measures amount of ALP in the blood. Commonly used to diagnose liver damage or bone disorders
What is rheumatoid factor test?
Measures amount of rheumatoid factor in your blood. Higher level could indicate rhaumatoid arthritis .If you have this type of arthritis you will have tender, warm and swollen joints
What is eryhtrocyte sedimentation rate?
Blood test that cna reveal inflammatory activity in your body
What is a c-reactive protein test?
A high CRP test is a sign of acute inflammation. Can be due to serious infection or chronic disease
