Week 3: Movements of the Knee

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 2

Compound Condylar

• Flexion-Extension
• Rotation (only when flexed)
• Glide, spin and roll

Question 3

The movements of the knee are guided and limited by the cruciate ligaments and the menisci of the knee

Answer 3

The movements of the knee are guided and limited by the cruciate ligaments and the menisci of the knee

Question 4

Function of Anterior Cruciate ligament?

Answer 4

Limits anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur or posterior rolling of the femoral condyles and posterior displacement of the femure on the tibia

Question 5

Function of the Posterior Cruciate ligament

Answer 5

Limits posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur (or anterior rolling of the femoral condyles and anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia)

Question 6

Menisci function?

Answer 6

• deepen articulation
• absorb shock
• migrate to accomodate rollingand rotation of the femoral condyles

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Anterior cruciate ligament’s attachment points?

Answer 8

• Anterior intercondylar area of the tibia
• Posterior part of the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle

Question 9

Posterior cruciate ligament’s attachments?

Answer 9

• Posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
• Anterior part of the medial surface of the media femoral condyle

Question 10

Medial meniscus’ attachments

Answer 10

• Anterior intercondylar area of tibia anterior to ACL
• Posterior intercondylar area anterior to PCL

Question 11

Lateral meniscus’ attachments

Answer 11

• Intercondylar fossa lateral to ACL
• Intercondylar fossa anterior to the medial mensicus

Question 12

What stabilises the lateral aspect of the knee?

Answer 12

FCL and Iliotibial tract

Question 13

Anterior stabiliser of the knee?

Answer 13

Question 14

Posterior Stabilisers of the knee?

Answer 14

Question 15

The joint capsule of the knee is stengthened by five extracapsular ligaments, what are they?

Answer 15

• Fibular Collateral ligament
• Tibial collateral ligament
• Oblique popliteal ligament
• Arcuate popliteal ligament
• Patella ligament

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Sartorius’ attachments, function and nervouse supply?

Answer 17

P.A: anterior superior iliac spine
D.A: anterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

Action: Syngergist for
hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation and knee flexion (medial rotation with knee flexed)

NS: Femoral nerve

Question 18

Rectus Femoris Attachment, function and nervous supply

Answer 18

P.A: anterior inferior iliac spine
D.A: quadriceps tendon, patella, patella tendon and tibial tuberosity

A: Hip flexion and knee extension

N.S: Femoral Nerve

Question 19

Vastus Medialis Oblique Attachments, func and N.S?

Answer 19

P.A: intertrochantic line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
D.A: quadriceps tendon, patella, patellor tendon and tibial tuberosity

A: Knee extension
N.S: Femoral nerve

Question 20

Vastus Lateralis attachments, func and N.S?

Answer 20

P.A: Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspira
D.A: Quadriceps tendon, patella, patella tendon and tibial tuberosity

A: Knee extention

N.S: Femoral Nerve

Question 21

Vastus Intermedius attachments, function and N.S?

Answer 21

P.A: anterior and lateral sufaces of shaft of femur
D.A: quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar tendon and tibial tuberosity

A: knee extension

N.S: Femoral Nerve

Question 22

What are the inervations of the hamstrings?

Answer 22

They’re inervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve. The short head of the biceps femoris is inervated by the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve

Question 23

Ischial Tubersoity Muscle Quadrants

Answer 23

Question 24

Bicep Femoris Attach, func and N.S

Answer 24

Proximal:
Long head: Medial upper quadrant of ischial tuberosity
Short head: Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
Distal: lateral side of head of fibula

Action: Hip extensiona and Knee flexion and lateral rotation

N.S: tibial and common fibular divisions of sciatic nerve

Question 25

Semitendinosus Attach, Fund and N.S?

Answer 25

P.A: medial inferior quadrant of ischial tuberosity D.A: anterior surface of medial condyle of tibia A: hip extension and knee flexion and medial rotation N.S: tibial division of the sciatic nerve

Question 26

Semimembranosus Attach, Func and N.S

Answer 26

P.A: Upper lateral quadrant of ischial tuberosity D.A: Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia A: hip extension and knee flexion N.S: tibial division of sciatic nerve

Question 27

Pes Anserius what it is and its function?

Answer 27

* It's the common insertion of gracilis, sartorius and semitendinosus * Functions to stabilise the medial aspect of the extended knee

Question 28

Medial rotation of the knee: Prime movers, angles and synergists?

Answer 28

Flexed knee: 10° Extended knee: 5° Prime movers of 1) Flexed Knee: Semimembranosus and semitendinosus 2) Extended Knee: Popliteus (Non WB) laterally rotates the femur when standing Syngergists: Gracilis and Sartorius

Question 29

Lateral rotation of the knee: Prime movers, angles and synergists?

Answer 29

Flexed Knee: 30° Extended Knee: 0 Prime movers of Flexed Knee: Biceps Femoris Synergists: Screw-home mechanism

Question 30

Open Kinetic vs closed Kinnetic?

Answer 30

Open Kinetic chain means the distal segment is free to move whereas in a Closed kinetic chain, the distal segment is fixed/stationary

Question 31

Locking of the knee in a closed kinetic chain

Answer 31

* Last few degrees of extension * medial roation of the femur on tibia * Closed packed- screwed home

Question 32

Locking of the Knee in open kinetic chain

Answer 32

* Last few degrees of extension * Lateral rotation of tibia on femur

Question 33

Unlocking of the knee in Closed Kinetic chain?

Answer 33

* First few degrees flexion * lateral rotation of femur on tibia * Unlocked

Question 34

Unlocking of the Knee in Open Kinetic chain

Answer 34

* First few degrees of flexion * Medial rotation of tibia on femur * Unlocked