Week 2:Bones and classification of bones

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

What enters the nutrient foramen of a bone

Answer 8

Blood vessels and nerves.

Question 9

Coxa vera vs coxa valga

Answer 9

Vara: decreased angle of inclination
Valga: increased angle of inclination

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

What is it made of and its purpose

Answer 12

Fibrocartilage. Enhances stability as it maintains negative intra-articular pressure(like sucction)

Question 13

Bursae?

Answer 13

Closed sacs formed of serous membrane that occur in locations subject to friction

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Muscles of Iliac region and function

Answer 15

• Psoas minor
• Psoas major
• Iliacus
• These are hip flexors

Question 16

Muscles of Gluteal region

Answer 16

• Tensor fascia latae (TFL)
• Gluteus maximus
• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus
• These are Abductors and extensors
• Piriformis
• Gemelli superior
• Obturator internus
• Gemelli inferior
• Quadratus femoris
• These are Lateral/external rotators

Question 17

Muscles of medial thigh region

Answer 17

• Pectineus
• Gracilis
• Adductor longus
• Adductor brevis
• Adductor magnus
• These are Hip adductors

Question 18

Psoas minor. Attachments, actions and nerves?

Answer 18

P.A: Sides of bodies of T12, L1 vertebrae and intervertebral (IV) disc
D.A: Pectineal line and iliopubic eminence
Action: weak trunk flexor and hip stabiliser
N.S: Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1,L2)

Question 19

Psoas Major, Attachment and Functions

Answer 19

P.A: tranverse processes of lumbar vertebrae; sides of bodies of vertebrae T12-L5 and IV discs inbetween
D.A: lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip/trunk flexion
N.S: anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3)

Question 20

Iliacus, Attachments and FUnctions

Answer 20

P.A: superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum and sacro‐iliac ligaments
D.A: lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip flexion and stabilise hip
NS: femoral nerve

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Pectineus. Attach and FUnc

Answer 22

P.A: superior ramus of the pubis
D.A: pectineal line of femur, inferior to lesser trochanter
A: adducts and flexes hip; assist medial rotation of hip
N.S: Femoral nerve

Question 23

Gracilis. Func and Attach

Answer 23

P.A: body and inferior ramus of pubis
D.A: anterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
A: hip adduction, knee flexion and medial rotation
N.S: obturator nerve

Question 24

Adductor longus. Func and Attach

Answer 24

P.A: lateral aspect of body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
D.A: middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
A: hip adduction
N.S: obturator nerve

Question 25

Adductor brevus. Fun and Attach

Answer 25

P.A: body and inferior ramus of pubis D.A: pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur A: Hip adduction N.S: obturator nerve

Question 26

Adductor magnus. Func and Attach

Answer 26

P Adductor Part: inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium P Hamstring Part: ischial tuberosity D Adductor Part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line D Hamstring Part: adductor tubercle of femur A: hip adduction and extension N.S: obturator nerve

Question 27

Obturator externus. Func and Attach

Answer 27

P.A: external margin of obturator foramen and obturator membrane D.A: trochanteric fossa of femur A: hip lateral rotation and stabilise hip N.S: obturator nerve

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

tensor fascia latae. Func and Attach

Answer 29

P.A: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and anterior part of iliac crest D.A: ilio‐tibial band which attaches to the antero‐lateral tubercle of the tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle) A: hip abduction and medial rotation; keeps ipsilateral pelvis level when standing on one leg N.S: superior gluteal nerve

Question 30

Gluteus Maximus. Fun and Attack

Answer 30

P.A: ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal lower sacrum and coccyx, erector spinae aponeurosis and sacrotuberous ligament D.A: iliotibial band and gluteal tuberosity A: hip extension and lateral rotation N.S: inferior gluteal nerve

Question 31

Illiotibial band. Attach and Func

Answer 31

* Attaches at the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia and to the femur via the lateral intermuscular septum * The common insertion of gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae\ * Acts to stabilise the lateral aspect of the extended knee

Question 32

Gluteus medius. Func and Attach

Answer 32

P.A: external surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal line D.A: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur A: hip extension, abduction, rotation, keeps ipsilateral pelvis level when standing on one leg N.S: superior gluteal nerve

Question 33

Gluteus minimus. Func and Attach

Answer 33

P.A: external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines D.A: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur A: hip abd. and medial rot. N.S: superior gluteal nerve

Question 34

Piriformis. Func and Attach

Answer 34

P.A: anterior surface of sacrum D.A: superior border of greater trochanter of femur A: hip lateral rotation N.S: branches of anterior rami of S1, S2

Question 35

superior gemellus. Func and Attach

Answer 35

P.A: ischial spine D.A: trochanteric fossa of femur A: hip lateral rotation N.S: nerve to obturator internus

Question 36

Obturator Internus. Func and Attach

Answer 36

P.A: internal surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones D.A: trochanteric fossa of femur A: hip lateral rotation N.S: nerve to obturator internus

Question 37

Inferior gamellus. Func and Attach

Answer 37

P.A: ischial tuberosity D.A: trochanteric fossa of femur A: hip lateral rotation N.S: nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 38

Quadratus femoris. Func and attach

Answer 38

P.A: lateral border of ischial tuberosity D.A: quadrate tubercle A: hip lateral rotation N.S: nerve to quadratus femoris