Week 3 Midterm Flashcards
How many pre and post ganglionic fibers does the sympathetic nervous system have and what are the effects?
-The sympathetic nervous system has 1 preganglionic fiber to 20 postganglionic fibers – widespread effects – fast acting
How many pre and post ganglionic fibers does the parasympathetic nervous system have and what are the effects?
-The parasympathetic nervous system has 1 preganglionic fiber to 1 postganglionic fiber- localized effects- slower acting
What kind of feedback do individuals who use Biofeedback get?
-Through the use of instrumentation individuals receive audio and visual feedback to modify their behaviors and physiological functioning.
What is the objective of biofeedback?
-The objective of biofeedback is to help the person develop greater awareness and voluntary control over their physiological processes that are otherwise outside awareness or under less voluntary control by first controlling the external signal and then by use of internal psychophysiological cues
What are the biofeedback treatment goals?
-Increase relaxation
-Reduce symptoms: headache, pain, anxiety
-Improve self-regulation and increase awareness of physiological states
-Improve mastery feeling of self-efficacy in coping
Does Biofeedback give instant results?
-While patients may observe immediate physiological changes, practice tends to have a cumulative effect
What does respiration Biofeedback entail?
-Breathing rate & amplitude
-Diaphragmatic breathing increases the PNS
-Identifies hyperventilation
What is the objective of SEMG biofeedback?
-Teaches muscle relaxation and reduces pain and dysfunction from muscular asymmetry.
- Muscle activity is reflected in electrical signals reported as microvolts.
- Objective is to reduce the MV reading by relaxing specific muscles below the surface electrodes.
How does Thermal biofeedback work?
-Thermistor is taped to finger to measure skin temperature
-Measures vasoconstriction which typically reflects sympathetic arousal.
What is the goal of thermal biofeedback?
-Goal is to raise skin temperature in the extremities by becoming more relaxed thus evening out blood flow
How does skin conductance biofeedback work?
-Provides information about sweat gland activity in the hands is an indirect measure of limbic system activation.
What does skin conductance biofeedback treat and what is the goal?
-Used to treat anxiety and phobias
-Self-calming is the goal
-Good for desensitization training
How does heart rate variability biofeedback work?
-Using breathing at particular rates people can maximize respiratory sinus arrhythmia by the influence of respiration on the baroflex which modulates autonomic reactivity
How is heart rate impacted in heart rate variability biofeedback?
-Heart rate is completely in phase with breathing and completely out of phase with blood pressure.
What is possible mechanism I in heart rate variability biofeedback?
-Restores autonomic balance/homeostasis
What is possible mechanism II in heart rate variability biofeedback?
-Works by promoting diaphragmatic breathing which in turn stimulates the vagal afferent nerve.
What is level 5 efficacy rating in biofeedback?
-Level 5 efficacy rating indicates that treatment has been shown to be statistically superior to placebo or alternative treatments in at least two independent studies.
What conditions have level 5 efficacy rating in biofeedback?
- TTH
- Migraine
- Nocturnal enuresis
- Fecal/urinary incontinence
- Other pelvic floor disorders
- Essential Hypertension
- Phantom limb pain
What is level 4 efficacy rating in biofeedback?
Indicates treatment has been show effective in comparison with no treatment control group alternative treatment group or placebo control utilizing randomized assignment the investigation treatment is equivalent to a treatment of establish efficacy in a study with sufficient power.
What conditions have level 4 efficacy rating in biofeedback?
- Anxiety Disorders
- ADHD
- Nausea/Vomiting
- IBS
- Asthma
- TMJ & Bruxism
- Tinnitus
- Chronic Pain/Fibromyalgia
- Hyperventilation
- Raynaud’s disease
What conditions can result from a TBI?
-Migraine type HA
-Attention/Concentration problems
-Dizziness
-Photophobia
-Phonophobia
-Difficulty communicating
-Difficulty with long and short term memory
-Difficultly with executive functioning
Who is a good candidate for biofeedback?
-Those who wish to gain a greater sense of self efficacy and want to be more active participants in improving their health
-Those who hope to avoid long-term medications
-Pregnant women
-Those who suffer from anxiety, including relaxation induced anxiety
How often should biofeedback be done?
-2x/day for 10 minutes
-Analogous with PT
-Use Reward
-Environmental cues
-Setting alarm reminders
-Premack’s principle - more probable behaviors will reinforce less probable behaviors.
-Learning through repeated association- it can be conditioned
