Week 3 lecture Flashcards
just covered overlap between handout and notes
What are the 3 tissue systems?
dermal tissue (like the epidermis of us); includes modified organs like root hairs and leaf hairs
vascular tissue: contains phloem and xylem, conducts food and water and provides structure
ground tissue: packing/supporting; much of the bulk. food manufacture and storage.
What are the 3 organ systems of plants
leaves
stems
roots
3 variations of ground tissue (just name them; define later.)
parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma
What is parenchyma?
have a thin primary cell wall
found in all plant tissue systems
meristematic (stem) cells
include mesophyll cells of leaf and stem that participate in photosynthesis/storage
Dr Riley said “photosynthetic, have a vacuole, cell wall is even and thin”
What is collenchyma?
handout says:
thicker cell walls; usually elongated and packed into ropelike fibers
capable of stretching; provide mechanical support in ground tissues.
common in subepidermal regions of stems
Dr Riley said “same as parenchyma; reinforced at corners”
What is sclerenchyma?
Dr Riley said “wood tissue: lignified cell walls that displace protoplasm.
dead cells
grit in pears
for support
handout says: strengthening and supportive functions. usually dead and have lignified secondary cell walls that prevent stretching as plant grows.
List the difficulties with being a stationary organism?
difficulties: predation and herbivory, diseases, competition
What are some predictable features of plants dealing with competition and herbivory?
competition:
early accelerated growth
chemical (allelopathy)
ecological- mutualism
Herbivory: chemical defense movement (mimosa that folds up when things jump on it) physical (thorns) mimicry
List 3 forms of mimicry
Batesian: mimic something dangerous, Nettle mimic in movie (nontoxic nettle)
Muellian: things that are harmful all look spiney, sort of a summation
Automimicry: making themselves look more dangerous than they are
-imprints of false spines or plant buds that look like thorns
smells can be mimicked too
Reproduction: problem for stationary organisms and how they deal
seed plants- no need for water
-harsh environment with low population densities and don’t move= great difficulty reproducing
Rely heavily on pollinators and wind pollination –> still suffer form pollen limitation
-bad timing, wrong visitation } led to intense selection
Describe asexual reproduction in plants and why it’s common
way of foraging
expanding territories
disease susceptibility –> generally spread risk
allows hedge (unlikely pollination) --> may not put much E into it because it's not very successful
What is a mixed mating strategy
asexual runners
and
flowers
Why are flowers committed?
you can’t go back to making leaves or a stem
Describe flowers
they’re very expensive and completely determinant
sexual repro has huge benefits esp for plants with shorter lifespans
They’re tolerant of long-distance relationships because it’s hard to find a mate.
If a flowering plant can’t find a mate, what does it do? two options
hybridize with a similar plant (whatever pollen you can find.)
Selfing: own eggs accept own pollen
