Week 3 Learning Theories Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Biological Theories

A

-maturation drives development
-genes lead to the whole bodies development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who is the key person in biological theories

A

Arnold Gesell- development norms, readiness
-observed and documented patterns of development
-many policy choices and some teaching/parenting practices are largely based on an idea that biological age and maturation drives development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Behaviorist Theories

A

environmental inputs drive development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

John Watson

A

-classic conditioning
-little albert experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did John Watson believe?

A

-development is gradual and continuous
-children play a largely passive role in development
-children have high plasticity
-no critical stages or critical periods because are all shaped by our environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Classical conditioning

A

-creating situations that result in learning
-starts with an unconditional stimulus and an unconditioned response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Unconditional stimulus Pavlovs dog

A

dog sees food and starts drooling (natura response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Unconditioned response pavlovs dog

A

dog has no response to the bell ringing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neutral stimulus pavlov’s dog

A

the bell ringing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

conditioned response pavlovs dog

A

dog drooling when the bell rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Operant conditionng

A

learning a voluntary behavior through consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reinforcer

A

consequence that increases the probability of a behehavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Positive reinforcer

A

something added that increases the probability of a behavior
-giving a dog a treat for doing a trick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Negative reinforcer

A

something removed that increased probability of a behavior
-putting on your seatbelt to get rid of a noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Punishment

A

consequence that reduces the probability of a given behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Positive Punishment

A

something added that decreases probability of a behavior

17
Q

Negative punishment

A

something removed that decreases probability of a behavior

18
Q

Constructivism

A

knowledge must be constructed by the learning (learning is about how the child reacts to the environment)

19
Q

Who is the guy behind constructivism

A

jean piaget

20
Q

Four stages of the stage theory

A

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

21
Q

schema

A

a cognitive framework or concept that helps organize knowledge

22
Q

assimilation

A

using existing schemas to understand information

23
Q

Accomodation

A

change schemas when information can’t fit , reorganizing the knowledge structure

24
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

0-2
-reflexes, circular reactions and goal directed behavior

25
Q

Preoperational stage

A

2-7
-egocentrisms, symbolic thinking, pretend play, struggle with constancy (playdough)

26
Q

Concrete operational

A

7-12
-begin to think more logically but still need concrete examples, begin to understand conservation
-seriation: order objects by a certain characteristic
-classification: group objects according to multiple attributes

27
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

can be abstract,hypothetical and reflexive thinking (12 and up)
propositional logic: use of inferences based on related statements
scientific reasoning: systemic approach to isolate variables, formulate and test hypothesis
metacognition: thinking about and monitoring your own thinking

28
Q

3 critiques of piaget

A
  1. highly complex; underestimate children’s competence
  2. qualitative/discontinuous nature of change - we don’t work that way
  3. strict constraints of stages
    -not impossible to accelerate development
    -stage of development limits what children can learn and how they learn