week 3: language

Question 1

enculturation

Answer 1

process of understanding thoughts and feelings appropriate to respective cultures

Question 2

communicative competency

Answer 2

knowledge that speakers and listeners communicate appropriately in different context

Question 3

displacement

Answer 3

ability to communicate about things outside of the now

Question 4

duality of patterning

Answer 4

1: meaningless sounds put together to make words
2: words put together to form messages

Question 5

semanticity

Answer 5

the meaning of signs in a communication system

Question 6

syntax

Answer 6

the rules that a language combines morphemes into larger units

Question 7

sapir-whorf hypothesis

Answer 7

theory that language allows you to think about things that other language speakers don’t

Question 8

dead metaphors

Answer 8

words with a loss of original significance

Question 9

euphemism

Answer 9

sugarcoats a meaning with a different way of saying it

Question 10

creole

Answer 10

a language that developed from pidgin so widely used - some children’s first language

Question 11

code-switching

Answer 11

using two or more language varieties in an interaction

Question 12

socialization

Answer 12

process where humans learn to be in society through interactions

Question 13

linguistic ethnocentrism

Answer 13

belief that one language is superior to another’s

Question 14

prevarication

Answer 14

using language to lie

Question 15

morphemes

Answer 15

basic units in a language

Question 16

phonology

Answer 16

the study of the sounds of a language

Question 17

semantics

Answer 17

how meaning is conveyed at the word and phrase level

Question 18

linguistic context

Answer 18

how surrounding words/expressions affect the meaning

Question 19

non-linguistic context

Answer 19

how objects/ activities are present in the situation of speech when interacting

Question 20

hopi language

Answer 20

language that does not have verb tenses - objective and subjective

Question 21

soft version of sapir-whorf

Answer 21

extensive codability allows one to speak more conveniently about subject

Question 22

strong version of sapir-whorf

Answer 22

leads to linguistic determinism - concept that language limits human knowledge

Question 23

ethnopragmatics

Answer 23

study of how language is used in specific cultures

Question 24

heterglossia

Answer 24

the coexistence of different genres and styles of speech

Question 25

african american english (AAE)

Answer 25

example of a creole language

Question 26

critical age hypothesis

Answer 26

suggests that children lose the ability to acquire language if not exposed to language within a time frame

Question 27

openness

Answer 27

ability to produce new meaning

Question 28

arbitrariness

Answer 28

the relationship between a symbol and its meaning, where there is no obvious connection

Question 29

phonemes

Answer 29

the basic sounds of knowledge

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

study of morphemes in a language

Question 31

pragmatics

Answer 31

how social context contributes to meaning in an interaction

Question 32

codability

Answer 32

ability of a language to express thoughts and ideas though its vocabulary

Question 33

genre

Answer 33

differences in communicative habits

Question 34

pidgin

Answer 34

a simple language that comes from a situation where people who do not share a language must spend a long time together

Question 35

closed system

Answer 35

form of communication that cannot create new meanings