week 12: environmental anthropology & anthropocene Flashcards
anthropocene
describes the moment when human activities altered the geochemical cycles of earth - began w/ industrialization
cultural evolutionism
a theory that suggested that societies evolved through stages from simple to advanced
ethnocide
destruction of culture, often intentional through assimilation
exurban
when rich people in urban areas migrate to rural areas for recreation
materialism
a marxist theory that emphasizes the ways that social practices are influenced by basic economic needs
processual archaeology
in archaeological studies where it shifts to scientific methods rather than typologies and descriptive analysis
sustainable development
development for the needs of people that doesn’t damage the environment
park vs. people debate
where conservation for “park” excludes people to protect the environment, and conservation for “people” includes the locals who have spiritual ties to land
stuart kirsch
coined the term ‘reverse anthropology’ the ok tedi mine he studied dumped chemicals into the river
anthropogenic
environments and pollutants produced by human activities
ecocide
destruction of an environment, intentionally done by humans
ethnoecology
the relationships between cultural beliefs and the local environment
historical particularism
the theory that every culture develops in a unique way due to its history, including human interaction to the environment
protected areas
lands that is set aside for the conservation of the environment
swidden cultivation
an agricultural practice where fields are burned and planted for many seasons before being returned to
cultural ecology
a subfield of cultural anthro that explores the relationship between cultural beliefs and the ecosystems where their practices occur
eco-justice
a moment to recognize the relationship between social inequality and the harms that come from environmental destruction
extractive reserves
a protected area that is managed by the community to allow sustainable extraction of natural resources
political ecology
field of research that emphasizes the political and economic sides of environmental issues
succession
changes in the types of species in an area over time - ex. ecosystems after a forest fire
second nature
a nature that is produced by humans
