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E 1.2: Histology, Anatomy, Pathology, and Infectious Diseases Lab > Week 3: Histology > Flashcards

Week 3: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

ID the organ

A

Pituitary Gland

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2
Q

Name a product produced by cells indicated by marker #1

A

ACTH, hGH, TSH, LH, PRL, FSH, MSH, and B-endorphins (FLAT PEG M)

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3
Q

What products are released from the region indicated by marker #2?

A

ADH and Oxytocin

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4
Q

Where are the products in marker #2 produced? Be specific

A

Hypothalamus:
Paraventricular nucleus (PVN) - Oxytocin
Supraopotic nucleus (SON) - ADH

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5
Q

Name the region of the organ indicated by marker #1

A

Adenohypophysis/Anterior Pituitary/Pars Distalis

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6
Q

Name the region marker #3 is located in and the specific structure indicated by marker #3

A

Pars Intermedia and Remnant of Hypophyseal (Rathke’s) pouch

colloid pituitary is the embryological remnant

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7
Q

ID

A

Capillary (Posterior Pituitary)

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8
Q

ID the cells in the Posterior Pituitary (Pars Nervosa)

A

Pituicytes

glial cells in the Posterior Pituitary that regulate hormone release

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9
Q

Name the predominant tissue indicated by marker #5, be specific

A

DICT

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10
Q

Name the structure indicated by marker #1

A

Intercalated duct (Pancreas)

lighter pink than acini and receive secretions from acini

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11
Q

Name the structure whose lumen is indicated by marker #5

A

Acinus/acini

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12
Q

Name the light-colored cells indicated by marker #2

A

Centroacinar cells

small size, pale-staining (part of intercalated ducts) cytoplasm, high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio

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13
Q

ID

A

Intercalated Ducts

clusters of 3-5 elongated nuclei

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14
Q

ID

A

Interlobular duct

substantial amounts of DICT, intralobular ducts drain, into them and they are simple cuboidal

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15
Q

Name the structure indicated by marker #3

A

Islets of Langerhan

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16
Q

Name 2 products produced marker #3 and what cells produce them

A

Alpha cells - Glucagon
Beta cells - Insulin

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17
Q

Name the organ seen here

A

Adrenal Gland

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18
Q

Name the region and vital product produced by marker #1

A

Zona Glomerulosa and Aldosterone

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19
Q

Name the region and product produced by marker #2

A

Zona Fasciculata and Glucocorticoids like cortisol

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20
Q

ID and the cell types present

A

Zona Fasciculata - spongiocytes

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21
Q

Name the region and product produced by marker #3

A

Zona Reticulata and Androgens (DHEA)

22
Q

Name the region and product produced by marker #4

A

Medulla and Catacholamines (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine)

23
Q

What organ is seen here? How did you recognize the organ

A

Pancreas; Islets of Langerhan

24
Q

Does this pancreas have a normal amount of Islets of Langerhans

A

No; they are hypertrohic and hyperplastic.

Normally Islets of Langerhans are ~20% of pancreas and acini are 80%

25
Q

ID the two glands

A

Parathyroid - Left
Thyroid - Right (colloids present)

26
Q

Name the cells indicated by marker #1

A

Oxyphil cells

27
Q

What are the dark cells seen abundantly in the tissue on the right and what gland is this?

A

Lymphocytes (immune cells)
Thyroid - colloids present

28
Q

Name the cell indicated by the yellow arrow

A

Acidophil

29
Q

Name a hormone produced by the cell indicated by the yellow arrow

A

human Growth Hormone (hgH) and Prolactin (PRL)

“PeG” in “FLAT PEG M”

30
Q

Name the cell indicated by the yellow arrow

A

basophils

31
Q

Name a hormone produced by the cell indicated by the yellow arrow

A

Thyrotropin, Gonadotropins (FSH and LH), and Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH).

“FLAT” in “FLAT PEG M”

32
Q

ID

A

Zona Glomerulosa

33
Q

Name the region indicated by marker #3. Be specific

A

Adrenal Medulla

34
Q

Name a product produced by cells in marker #3

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

35
Q

Name the region indicated by marker #1

A

Zona Fasciculata

36
Q

Name the structure indicated by marker #2 and the tissue that it is composed of

A

Adrenal Gland Capsule and DICT

37
Q

Name the organ indicated by the asterisk

A

Parathyroid Gland

38
Q

What hormone does the organ indicated with the asterisk produce

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

39
Q

ID the organ

A

Adrenal Gland

40
Q

A 7-year-old boy was brought to clinic by his parents. He had been experiencing progressive abdominal distention, acne and appearance of pubic hair along with increased penile length for the past 18 months. Past medical and family history was unremarkable. Physical exam revealed acne over forehead and cheeks, and and pubic hair and genitalia were Tanner stage IV (typical for age 12-17) and a palpable mass was found in the left lumber region. Imaging confirmed the lesion which was biopsed and confirmed to be an adrenal tumor. Given the location of the mass and the boy’s symptoms, what substance is the large mass of cells likely producing?

A

Androgens (DHEA)

41
Q

Name the organ from which the biopsy was made

A

Thyroid Gland

42
Q

Name the product in the lumens and its principal component

A

Colloid, Thyroglobulin

43
Q

ID the organ

A

Adrenal Gland

44
Q

38-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician because she has been feeling agitated, shaky, and sweaty for the past 3 weeks. She also reports feeling as if her heart is “racing” a lot and often has feelings of impending doom but denies suicidal thoughts or plans. She also says she’s begun having severe headaches that began around the same time but denies other symptoms. She also denies illicit, prescription drug and alcohol use and says uses an IUD for birth control. Past medical history is unremarkable. The physical exam reveals pallor and elevated blood pressure (190/105) and heartrate (115) but no central body obesity, stretch marks or excess hirsutism. The physician orders labs and imaging which suggest an endocrine tumor of the Adrenal Gland. Given the location of the mass and the woman’s symptoms, what cell type is most likely contributing to this patient’s symptoms and what region is the large mass of cells affecting?

A

Chromaffin cells and adrenal medulla

45
Q

Name a product of the chromaffin cells.

A

Catecholamines (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine)

46
Q

How does overproduction of Catecholamines by the chromaffin cells cause the patient’s symptoms?

A

Catecholamines are excitatory neurotransmitters that promote the sympathetic nervous system response.

47
Q

Name the layer indicated by marker #1 and its product

A

Zona Fasciculata and glucocorticoids like cortisol

48
Q

Name the region indicated by the bracket

A

Pars intermedia

49
Q

Name the embryonic origin of the structures indicated by the asterisks

A

Hypophyseal (Rathke’s) pouch - colloid in the pars intermedia

50
Q

ID

A

Pars Intermedia

E 1.2: Histology, Anatomy, Pathology, and Infectious Diseases Lab (16 decks)

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