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pharm week 1 > Week 3 Derm/ Neuro > Flashcards

Week 3 Derm/ Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What characterizes acne vulgaris?

A 
comedones
papules
pustules
nodules
- all in a sebacous distribution
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2
Q

Close comedone versus open comedone?

A 
Closed = white head
Open = blackhead
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3
Q

Mild acne?

A

comedones and a few papulopustules

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4
Q

Moderate acne?

A

comedones
inflammatory papules
pustules

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5
Q

Nodulcystic acne

A

comedones, inflammatory lesions, large nodules greater than 5 mm

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6
Q

When do you culture skin acne lesions?

A

To rule out gram-negative folliculitis if patient does not repsond to long term abx

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7
Q

Treatment of acne vulgaris?

A

combination of:

  • topical retinoids
  • antibiotic therapy
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8
Q

What do retinoids do?

A
  • reduce abnormal desquamation
  • comedolytic
  • antinflammatory effects
  • normalize hyperproliferation
  • normalize hyerperkeratinization
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9
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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10
Q

What does the epidermis consist of ?

A

outer layer of skin
new cells are made in the bottom layer (basal layer)
skin cancers usually start in the epidermia after sun exposure

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11
Q

Dermis

A

Connective tissue
blood vessels
nerves
contains: hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nerve endings

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12
Q

Hypodermis

A

Fat tissue

connective tissue

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13
Q

What is connective tissue?

A
  • clusters of epithelial tissue that:
  • forms organs
  • binds tissues and organs together
  • supports them in their location
  • storage site for excess nutrients
  • Has an abundance of extracellular matrix that surrounds a few cells - unlike epithelial tissue
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14
Q

Tendon

A
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15
Q

4 categories of connective tissue:

A

Loose
dense
elastic
reticular

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16
Q

Loose connective tissue:

A 
provides support and elasticity
i.e. 
deep layers of skin
blood vessels
nerves
body organs
17
Q

Dense connective tissue:

A

tendons
ligaments
made of higher density fibres
provides strength

18
Q

Elastic connective tissue examples (4)

A

Lungs
arteries
trachea
vocal cords

19
Q

Interactions between chemicals may affect:

A 
Absorption 
Protein binding 
Receptor signalling
Bio transformation 
Excretion
20
Q

Synergistic effect

A

Combined response is greater than the sum of each (2 + 2= 20)

21
Q

Potentiation

A

When one substance doesn’t produce and effect unless added to another chemical (0 + 2 = 10).

22
Q

Antagonism

A

When 2 chemicals administered together interfere with each other’s action or the action of another (4 types).

23
Q

4 kinds of antagonism?

A

Receptor
Chemical
Dispositional
Functional antagonism

24
Q

Receptor antagonist

A

Two chemicals bind the same receptor and produce less than the fact that if they were separate

25
Q

Chemical antagonism

A

Also known as chemical inactivation.
A direct chemical reaction between two compounds that produces a less toxic affect. Example is chelators binding to metallic ions such as arsenic, mercury, or lead

26
Q

Dispositional antagonism

A

Absorption, distribution, biotransformation, or excretion of a chemical is altered so that the concentration or duration of the target organ is reduced.

27
Q

Functional antagonism

A

Two chemicals counterbalance each other by producing opposing affects on the same function often through different signalling pathways. Example is barbiturates dropping blood pressure and norepinephrine increasing blood pressure.

28
Q

Cross tolerance

A

Structurally related chemicals cause a diminished response. Typically occurs after days or weeks of repeated exposure.

29
Q

Dispositional tolerance

A

Amount of chemical reaching site of action decreases over time.
Leads to decreased responsiveness.

30
Q

Chemical or cellular tolerance

A

Results from a lower availability of receptors / mediators (neurotransmitters).

31
Q

What determines whether a toxic response occurs?

A

Chemical and physical properties of the chemical
The exposure scenario
How the chemical is metabolized by the system

The concentration of the active form at the particular site

The overall susceptibility of the biological system to injury

32
Q

4 categories of duration and frequency of chemical exposure?

A

Acute
Subacute
Subchronic
Chronic

pharm week 1 (8 decks)

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