Week 3 – Derivation 1

Question 1

Derivation

Answer 1

= lexical word formation
- prefixation + suffixation

Question 2

Prefix. classification – degree of productivity

Answer 2

= capacity of a word element to produce new words
e.g.: -ness (pretty productive) vs. -ledge (not v/ productive)

Question 3

Prefix. classification – features of productivity

Answer 3

1. scalar (not highly productive)
2. variable (productivity in time and place)

Question 4

Prefixation– productivity

Answer 4

1. productive
2. non-productive (occurs in words but doesn’t contribute to its meaning: con- in condition) !!!!
3. vestigial (s in spend, orig. expend)

Question 5

Prefixation – provenance

Answer 5

1. Old English (a-, be-, fore-, mid-)
2. French (dis-, mis-)
3. Latin (ante-, in-, pre-)
4. Greek (anti-, a-, meta-)

Question 6

Prefixation – combinability

Answer 6

Mutual combinability (pairing)

1. prod. + non-prod. (most common)
   in-con-clusive
2. prod. + prod.
   un-re-married
3. pairing of the same prefix
   re-reconstructed

Question 7

Prefixation – stress

Answer 7

prefixes are
1. unstressed or
2. have secondary stress
3. stressed (by-, fore-, out-, off-, ex- …)

Question 8

Semantic Classification of Prefixes (1-5)

Answer 8

1. negative (a-, dis-, in-/im-/il-, non-
2. reversative/privative (de-, dis-, un-)
3. pejorative (dys-, mal-, mis-, pseudo-)
4. ameliorative (eu-, ortho-)
5. degree/size/status (arch-, co-, hyper-, maxi-, mega-)

Question 9

Semantic Classification of Prefixes (6-11)

Answer 9

6. orientation/attitude: anti-, auto-, contra-, counter-, pro-
7. place/direction: ante-, circum-, cis-, cross-, extra-, fore- …
8. Time/order: ante-, ex-, fore-, mid-, post-, pre-, re-
9. Number: bi-, demi-, di-, hemi-, mono-, multi-
10. class/changing: a-, be-, en-, de-
11. neo-classical (combining forms): auto-, bio-, neo-, paleo-, pan-, proto-, tele-, nano-

Question 10

Suffixation – productivity

Answer 10

1. non-productive vs. productive

Question 11

Suffixation – thematic

Answer 11

2. thematic vs. morphological

thematic:
a) action, result of action, agents, ppl, instruments
b) objects, items, concepts, substances

morphological
a) resultant word-class (nominalisation, adjectivalisation…)
b) starting pt. = word class (denominal, deverbal…)

Question 12

Suffixes carrying primary stress

Answer 12

a) -ee
b) -ique
c) -ette
d) -ese
e) -ician
f) -esque
g) -mental
h) -escent
i) -eer
j) -eur

Question 13

Suffixes influencing stress

Answer 13

a) -ic(al)
b) -ity
c) -ial, -(i)nal, -ual
d) -eous
e) -ndous
f) -ify
g) -sive
h) -graphy, -logy, -pathy, -cracy, -logist