week 3- cranial base Flashcards
Foramen Cecum
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: ethmoid bone
specific area: anterior to the cribiform plate
nerves & vessels : emissary venous connections
Foramina of CribiformPlate
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: ethmoid bone
specific area:. A horizontal plate of bone forms the superior horizontal border of the ethmoid bone
nerves & vessels: olfactory nerves
Anterior Ethmoidal foramina
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: ethmoid
specific area: along the ethmoidal border of the medial orbital wal
nerves & vessels:the anterior ethmoidal vessels and nerve
Posterior Ethmoidal Foramina
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: Ethmoid
specific area: sits in the suture between the ethmoid bone and frontal bone
nerves & vessels:posterior ethmoidal nerve
Optic canal
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: sphenoid
specific area: at the base of the lesser wings
nerves & vessels: The optic nerve and artery
superior orbital fissure
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: sphenoid bone
specific area: elongated gap between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone. This fissure opens into the posterosuperior orbit
nerves & vessels: CN II, IV, V1, VI
Foramen Rotundum
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: sphenoid
specific area: floor of the middle cranial fossa at the junction of the body and greater wing of the sphenoid
nerves & vessels: maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2)
Foramen Ovale
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: sphenoid
specific area: posterior part of the greater wing of the sphenoid,
nerves & vessels: Otic ganglion, V3, Accessory meningeal artery, Lesser petrosal nerve, and Emissary veins from pterygoid plexus to cavernous sinus
Foramen spinosum
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: sphenoid
specific area: posterior laterally to the foramen ovale
nerves & vessels: middle meningeal artery along with the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve
Carotid foramen
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: petrous portion of temporal bone
specific area
nerves & vessels: internal carotid
foramen lacerum
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: temporal
specific area: At the apex of the petrous temporal bone is a gap where temporal bone does not reach the suture formed between the occipital and sphenoid bones, junction of petrous temporal, sphenoid, and occipital bones
nerves & vessels: small emissary vein and very small branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery (carotid artery passes over this)
Internal acoustic meatus
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: temporal bone
specific area: posteromedial aspect of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
nerves & vessels: vestibulocochlear and facial nerves
Stylomastoid Foramen
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: temporal bone
specific area: petrous portion of temporal bone lateral to the jugular foramen
nerves & vessels: facial nerve
Jugular Foramen
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: temporal
specific area: between the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the occipital bone in the petro-occipital suture inferior to the internal auditory meatus
nerves & vessels:
anterior region- vagus, glossopharyngeal, and accessory nerves, along with the inferior petrosal venous sinus.
posterior region- sigmoid venous sinus as it transitions to the internal jugular vein.
Hypoglossal canal
Bone
specific area
nerves & vessels
Bone: occipital
specific area: superior to the occipital condyles
nerves & vessels: CN XII
Foramen Magnum
bone
nerves & vessels
Bone: occipital
nerves & vessels: spinal accessory nerves (XI) and vetebral arteries
what structures enter and exit the Pterygopalatine Fossa
enter: 3rd part of the maxillary artery, V2, Nerve of pterygoidcanal
exit: Infraorbitaland zygomatic nn, Greater and lesser palatine nn, Nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine artery
describe where the PPF is located
PPF lies posterior to the maxilla and anterior to the lateral pterygoid plate
what is the significance of the ptergoidmaxillary fissure
It is the lateral entrance of the PPF. The maxillary artery enters the PPF from the infratemporal fossa by traveling through the pterygomaxillaryfissure.
describe the enterance of V2 into the PPF
The maxillary division of CNV enters the PPF from the middle cranial fossa by traveling through the foramen rotundum.
how do autonomics enter the PPF
Autonomics (nerve to the pterygoid canal) enter the PPF through the pterygoid (Vidian) canal
This opening is located inferior and medial to the foramen rotundum.
significance of the inferior orbital fissure
The infraorbital and zygomatic nn exit the PPF and enter the orbit by traveling through the inferior orbital fissure
what is the significance of the greater palatine canal
The greater and lesser palatine nn exit the PPF by traveling through the greater palatine canal. This canal bifurcates into the greater and lesser palatine foramina and delivers the greater and lesser palatine nerves to the roof of the oral cavity
what is the significance of the greater palantine canal
The greater and lesser palatine nn exit the PPF by traveling through the greater palatine canal. This canal bifurcates into the greater and lesser palatine foramina and delivers the greater and lesser palatine nerves to the roof of the oral cavity
significance of the sphenopalatine foramen
Recall that the maxillary artery enters the PPF through the pterygomaxillary fissure. A branch of that artery, the sphenopalatine artery (represented by the blue pipe cleaner), passes from the pterygopalatine fossa through the sphenopalatine foramen and into the nasal cavity
significance of the incisive canal
nasopalatine nerve exits the pterygopalatine dossa here
