Week 3 - Consent

Question 1

Groups of individuals who may face increased risks, limitations, or challenges inexercising their autonomy and providing informed consent. Vulnerable populations can include minors, individuals with cognitive impairments, those with limited English proficiency, or individuals in marginalised or disadvantaged circumstances.

Answer 1

Vulnerable Populations

Question 2

The act of using threats, manipulation, or undue influence to pressure someone into making a decision against their will or best interests. Coercion undermines the voluntary nature of consent and is considered unethical in the healthcare context.

Answer 2

Coercion

Question 3

Consent given by a patient without coercion, undue influence, or external pressure. It demonstrates that the patient’s decision is made willingly and without any formof manipulation.

Answer 3

Voluntary Agreement

Question 4

The process by which a healthcare provider ensures that a patient has been provided with relevant information about a medical procedure, treatment, or research study, including its purpose, potential risks and benefits, available alternatives, and any associated costs

Answer 4

Informed Consent

Question 5

An approach that involves healthcare providers and patients workingcollaboratively to make decisions about the patient’s healthcare. It recognises the importance of combining medical expertise with the patient’s values, preferences, and goals to reach mutually agreed-upon treatment plans.

Answer 5

Shared Decision Making

Question 6

The viable options available to a patient besides the proposed medical procedureor treatment. Providing information about alternative treatments allows patientsto consider different approaches and make an informed decision that aligns withtheir preferences

Answer 6

Alternative Treatments

Question 7

The process of accurately and comprehensively recording the informed consentprocess in the patient’s medical records. It includes documenting the discussions held, information provided, patient questions or concerns addressed, and the patient’s agreement or refusal of the proposed treatment or procedure. Consent documentation serves as legal documentation and a means to ensure accountability

Answer 7

Consent Documentation

Question 8

Consent that is inferred or assumed based on the patient’s behavior orcircumstances. For example, a patient extending their arm for a blood draw is an indication of implied consent.

Answer 8

Implied Consent

Question 9

The ability of an individual to understand and process information relevant tomaking a decision about their healthcare. Capacity assessment involves evaluating a patient’s ability to comprehend the nature and consequences of a medical intervention and weigh the available options to make an informed decision

Answer 9

Capacity

Question 10

The principle that emphasises a patient’s right to make independent decisions regarding their healthcare. It recognises the individual’s freedom to choose or refuse medical treatments or procedures based on personal values, beliefs, and preferences

Answer 10

Patient Autonomy

Question 11

Types of consent

Answer 11

Implied (circumstance)
Explicit (verbal/written)

Question 12

Patients should feel free to accept or decline a proposed treatment or procedure

Answer 12

Voluntariness

Question 13

Legal and ethical duty to provide competent care to their patients. Encompasses providing care that meets the standard expected in their profession

Answer 13

Duty of care

Question 14

Negligence which occurs when a nurse fails to fulfil their duty of care. Eg providing substandard care, omitting necessary actions

Answer 14

Breach of Duty

Question 15

Establishing a direct link between the breach of duty and the harm suffered by the patient

Answer 15

Causation

Question 16

Negligence claims require evidence of actual harm or damages suffered by the patient. Physical, psychological, emotional, or financial

Answer 16

Harm

Question 17

Intentional act by one person that creates an apprehension of an imminent harmful or offensive contact

Answer 17

Assault

Question 18

An Intention unpermitted act causing harmful or offensive contact with the person of another

Answer 18

Battery

Question 19

The illegal confinement of one individual against their will by another individual in such a manner as to violate the confined individuals right to be free from restraint of movement

Answer 19

False Imprisonment

Question 20

A violation of a law in which there is injury to the public or member of the public

Answer 20

Crime

Question 21

Failure of one person to take reasonable care to avoid injury or loss

Answer 21

Negligence

Question 22

The facility to perceive, know in advance, or reasonable anticipation that damage or injury will probably ensue from acts or omissions

Answer 22

Foreseeable

Question 23

An injured parties failure to act prudently, considered to be contributory factor in the injury suffered

Answer 23

Contributory Negligence

Question 24

The degree of prudence and caution required of an individual who is under a duty of care towards another

Answer 24

Standard of Care

Question 25

The tort doctrine that imposes responsibility upon one person for the failure of another, with whom the person has a special relationship

Answer 25

Vicarious Liability