Week 3 Clinical Relevance

Question 1

Life threatening complications of AKI

Answer 1

hyperkalaemia
pulmonary oedema
pericarditis
acidosis

Question 2

What should be considered when treating AKI?

Answer 2

optimise fluid status/haemodynamics
minimise nephrotoxic insults (NSAIDs, gentamicin, vancomycin, ACE-i, contrast)
risk of sepsis - minimise lines, catheters
risk of GI bleed from stress ulcers - consider PPIs
maintain adequate nutrition - oral, NG, parenteral

Question 3

How can you ascertain whether renal failure is acute or chronic?

Answer 3

previous results
Hb
bone chem - calcium, phosphate, PTH
renal size on US

Question 4

Why are fistulas used for haemodialysis?

Answer 4

arterialise the vein
make it bigger and stronger so won’t collapse with regular large needles

Question 5

What is CAPD in peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 5

continuous ambulatory haemodialysis
~4 exchanges per day

Question 6

What is APD in peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 6

automated peritoneal dialysis
machine over night

Question 7

If peritoneal dialysis fluid is cloudy/they have abdo pain, what might they have?

Answer 7

peritonitis

Question 8

Complications of CKD

Answer 8

uraemia
fluid overload
electrolytes (potassium, phosphate)
acidosis
Vit D low
erythropoietin low - anaemia