Prostate cancer Flashcards
Prostate function
contributes to ejaculate
Erection nervous supply
parasympathetic (point)
Ejaculation nervous supply
Sympathetic (shoot)
Prostate cancer risk factors
increasing age
family history
ethnicity - african-american + black caribbean
link to obesity and metabolic syndrome
What genes are linked to prostate cancer?
HOXB13
BRCA1
BRCA2
How does prostate cancer present?
localised - PSA, incidental sx
locally advanced - bleeding, local pain, priapism, rectal obstruction
mets - fracture, leg swelling, DVT, pain, weight loss, cord compression
What is priapism?
unintentional painful erection in absence of stimuli
>4h
What is the difference between BPH and BPE?
BPH = benign prostatic hyperplasia = pathological dx
BPE = benign prostatic enlargement = clinical dx
What would a PSA in the 1000s suggest?
metastatic prostate cancer
What type of bone lesions do prostate cancer mets cause?
osteoblastic lesions (sclerotic)
Where are the majority of prostate cancers located?
peripheral
What abnormalities might a prostate cancer cause on DRE?
asymmetry
craggy
nodule
How is a prostate biopsy done?
transrectal ultrasound guided
Prostate biopsy risks
bleeding
septicaemia
light bleeding
retention
How is prostate cancer graded?
Gleason grading
