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Foundations of Medicine > Week 3 Cell Wall Inhibitor Drugs > Flashcards

Week 3 Cell Wall Inhibitor Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin V and Penicillin G

A

V= oral G= IV form

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2
Q

Probenecid

A

impairs renal secretion of weak acid, used to increase half life of penicillin

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3
Q

Nafcillin

A

penicillinase-resistant penicillin

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4
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

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5
Q

Clavulanate

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor

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6
Q

sulbactam

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor

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7
Q

tazovactam

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor

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8
Q

Ampicillin

A

Aminopenicillin

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9
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Aminopenicillin

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10
Q

Piperacillin

A

Antipseudomonal penicillin

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11
Q

ticarcillin

A

antipseudomonal penicillin

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12
Q

Cephalosporin

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding protiens
less susceptible to penicillinases but can be inactivated by extended spectrum beta-lactamases

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13
Q

Carbapenems

A

Imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem
contain beta-lactam ring and bind to penicillin binding proteins
broad but MRSA resistant
GI distress, cross allergic, renal dysfunciton

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14
Q

Aztreonam

A

monocyclic beta lactams (use if patient is allergic to penicillin)
cell wall inhibitor and binds to polypeptide binding protein
gram neg rods

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15
Q

Vancomycin

A

binds with high affinity to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of the cell wall precursor unit, inhibitng release from the bactopreno carrier, thus preventing synthesis. Inhibits TRANSGLYCOSLASE reaction
gram +, especially MRSA and C.diff
empiric treament

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16
Q

Bacitracin

A

prevents dephosphorylation of bactoprenol carrier needed for elongation of peptidoglycan cell wall NOT A BETA-LACTAM
topical, nephrotoxic when give IM

17
Q

Daptomycin

A

binds to cell membrane and aggregates leading to depolarization of membrane and cell death, bactericidal
Only gram +
Side effects- reversible organizing pneumonia binds pulmonary surfactant accumulating in pulmonary spaces

18
Q

Polymyxin B

A

binds phosphatidylethanolamine in the membrane creating holes, ultimately leading to release of cellular contents
Multidrug resistant gram negative bacilli, use in combo with other antibiotic to facilitate entry

19
Q

Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Mechanism of Action

A

binds to pencillin binding proteins of transpeptidase (which catalyze the terminal reaction in bacterial wall synthesis) and inhibits. Build up of cell wall precursors, which leads to activation of autolytic enzymes) Cell wall inhibitors weaken the cell wall when water enters through osmosis, cell bursts.

20
Q

Penicillinse- resistant penicillins

A

Nafcillin, Dicloxacillin

Same mechansim as penicillin but have larger R groups so resistant to penicillinases. Effective against ONLY GRAM +

21
Q

Aminopenicillins

A

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Expanded spectrum, GRAM POS AND GRAM NEG
More water soluble and can pass through porin channels
Same mechanism as penicillin, susceptible to beta-lactamases

22
Q

Antipseudomonal Penicillins

A

Ticarcillin, piperacillin
Widest spectrum, GRAM POS<, GRAM NEG, and PSEUDOMONAS
Same mechanism as penicillin, susceptible to beta-lactamases

23
Q

1st generation cephalosporin

A

Gram + cocci
surgical prophylaxis
Can’t cross blood brain barrier

24
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin

A

Gram Neg AND Gram Pos
use immediately prior to surgery to prevent infection
Can’t cross blood brain barrier

25
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin

A

Strep and more serious Gram NEG that are resistant to other beta-lactam
CAN cross blood brain barrier

26
Q

4th generation cephalosporin

A

BROADEST spectrum

GRAM POS, GRAM NEG, and PSEUDOMONAS

27
Q

5th generation cephalosporin

A

Binds penicillin binding protein 2a in MRSA (mrsa has low affinity for other beta-lactams)

28
Q

Imipenem

A

carbapenem, beta lactam ring and binds to penicillin binding proteins, broad but MRSA is resistant.
Administered with cilastatin- decrease cleavage of the beta-lactam ring by renal dehydropeptidase I and prevent formaiton of potentially toxic nephrotoxic metabolite

29
Q

Meropenem

A

Carbapenems

30
Q

Cilastatin

A

administered with Imipenem to decrease cleavage of the beta-lactam ring by renal dehyrdopeptidase I and prevent formation of potentially toxic nephrotoxin

Foundations of Medicine (19 decks)

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