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Health Assesment > Week 3 Cardiovascular Part 2 > Flashcards

Week 3 Cardiovascular Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it important for nurses to understand the cardiovascular system?

A

Because it it the road network for the entire body
Because of the prevalence of CV related illness in society and the cost to the HC system
Because CV health is a predictor of health an wellbeing and is closely realated to other morbidities such as dementia and diabetes

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2
Q

What is the function of an artery?

A

To carry oxygenated blood to the body tissues and organs, excluding pulmonary ciculation and umbilical vessels in a fetus

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3
Q

What is the function of a vein?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart.

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4
Q

What is the function of a capillary?

A

Exchange nutrients and waste

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5
Q

What are the three main types of arteries in order of size with largest first?

A

Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries
Arterioles

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6
Q

What are the three sizes of vein?

A

Large veins
Small veins
Venules

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7
Q

Name some organs that are part of the lymphatic system

A

spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes, bone marrow.

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8
Q

Name the three wall layers in the arteries/veins?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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9
Q

Which layer of the artery is the closest to the blood?

A

Tunica intima

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10
Q

Which layer of a blood vessel is made primarily of smooth muscle?

A

Tunica media

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11
Q

Which layer of a blood vessel contains nerve and lymph fibres?

A

Tunica externa

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12
Q

A large amount of collgaen fibres are found in which layer of a blood vessel?

A

Tunica externa

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13
Q

Which layer of a blood vessel is also known as the tunica adventia?

A

Tunica externa

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14
Q

Which type of vessel are typical blood pressure readings taken from?

A

Arteries

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15
Q

Why do large arteries have many elastic fibres?

A

To be able to stretch and withstand pressure of the blood rushing out the heart.

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16
Q

What is an example of a large elastic artery?

A

Aorta

17
Q

How much resistance would you expect in a healthy large elastic artery and why?

A

Low resistance, because they have a large elastic lumen in order to allow a large volume of blood to pass through to the body

18
Q

What type of vessel is referred to as a pressure resevoir?

A

Large elastic arteries

19
Q

What type of artery is distal to the large elastic arteries?

A

The muscular arteries

20
Q

What is the average cardiac output in litreage?

A

5 litres

21
Q

Which type of artery delivers blood to the organs?

A

Muscular arteries

22
Q

Why do muscular arteries have a thick tunica media?

A

In order to contract and relax to pump blood to areas of the body

23
Q

Which are the smallest arteries?

A

Arterioles

24
Q

Which vessels control blood flow to the capillary beds?

A

Arterioles

25
Q

Name the three types of arteries in order of size, smallest to largest

A

Arterioles
Muscular arteries
Large elastic arteries

26
Q

When venules converge into a larger vessel, what is the name of the vessel they form?

A

Vein

27
Q

Do veins have thinner or thicker walls compared to their corresponding arteries?

A

Thinner, to allow more blood through

28
Q

What is the smallest type of vein?

A

Venule

29
Q

Is blood pressure lower in veins or arteries?

A

Veins

30
Q

Which blood vessels are called capacitance vessels and why?

A

Veins, because they hold the majority of blood volume in the body.

31
Q

What percentage of blood is held in the venous system at any given time?

A

65%

32
Q

What venous vessels for when capillary beds unite?

A

Venules

33
Q

Why are venules very porous?

A

To allow fluids and white blood cells into the tissues

34
Q

Why do veins have specific features not found in arteries?

A

In order to return blood to the heart despite the resistance

35
Q

Why do veins have valves?

A

To prevent backflow

36
Q

What is the muscular pump with reference to veins?

A

Contraction of skeletal muscles “milks” the blood towards the heart

37
Q

What is the respiratory pump, with reference to the veins?

A

Changes in pressure during breathing move blood towards the heart by squeezing abdominal veins

38
Q

The sympathetic nervous system controls vasodialation. True or False?

A

False. The sympathetic nervous system controls the vasocontriction.

Health Assesment (5 decks)

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