Week 2 Cardiovascular P1 Flashcards
What are the three electrolytes that fuel the heartbeat?
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
What is it called when heart cells depolarise?
Excitation
The generic name of all beta-blockers end in which four letters?
olol
Where does blood enter the heart and through which vein/artery?
The right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava
Where does the blood go when it leaves the right atrium and through which valve?
The right ventricle through the tricuspid valve
Where does the blood go when it leaves the right ventricle and through which valve and artery/vein?
It goes to the lungs through the pulmonic semilunar valve and through the pulmonary artery
Where does the blood go when it returns from the lungs and through which artery/vein?
It goes into the left atrium through the pulmonary vein
Where does blood go when it exits the left atrium and through which valve?
Blood flows to the left ventricle through the bicuspid/mitral valve
Why do valves only allow opening in one direction?
To prevent backflow
Where does the blood go when it leaves the left ventricle and through which artery/vein and valve?
It goes through the aortic semilunar valve and into the aorta for systemic circulation
What is a cardiomyocyte and what do the individual parts of the word mean?
Cardiomyocyte is a heart muscle cell
What is action potential?
The action potential is an explosion of electrical activity that is created by a depolarizing current.
What is the conduction pathway?
The name of the pathway the electrical impulse travels through
What does polar mean?
Resting
What is depolarisation?
After it has been excited. Electrolytes move in and out of the cell causing electrical charge and stimulating the cell.
What is repolarisation?
Once it stabilises electrolyte levels and when it is to returns to polar state
Coordinated heartbeat is a result of what?
Nodal cells. Receive electrical activity, go from polar de-polarised. Imbalance in electrolytes occurs, some move into and out of the cell. Generates electrical activity (action potential).
The electrical activity excited nearby cells and they pass on the message throughout the heart. Causes group contraction of a heart chamber. Follows the blood flow.
Which wave on an ECG will tell you about the electrical activity of the atrium?
P Wave
What is autorhymicity?
Means the heart is capable of maintaining it’s own rhythm and creating it’s own action potential
What electrolyte would you expect to see mostly inside a polar cell?
Potassium
Which two electrolytes would you expect to see in higher concentration outside a cell that is polarised?
Sodium and Calcium
Which electrolyte would become higher in concentration outside a cardiomyocyte during depolarisation?
Potassium
When an area of the heart is depolarised, is it contracting or relaxing?
Contracting
Where does an electrical impulse travel next after being generated in the sinoatrial node?
The atrioventricular node
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
The sinoatrial node
Where in the heart is the sinoatrial node located?
The right atrium
If the ventricles are depolarised, what part of the wave would this be?
QRS complex
