Week 2 Cardiovascular P1

Question 1

What are the three electrolytes that fuel the heartbeat?

Answer 1

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium

Question 2

What is it called when heart cells depolarise?

Answer 2

Excitation

Question 3

The generic name of all beta-blockers end in which four letters?

Answer 3

olol

Question 4

Where does blood enter the heart and through which vein/artery?

Answer 4

The right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava

Question 5

Where does the blood go when it leaves the right atrium and through which valve?

Answer 5

The right ventricle through the tricuspid valve

Question 6

Where does the blood go when it leaves the right ventricle and through which valve and artery/vein?

Answer 6

It goes to the lungs through the pulmonic semilunar valve and through the pulmonary artery

Question 7

Where does the blood go when it returns from the lungs and through which artery/vein?

Answer 7

It goes into the left atrium through the pulmonary vein

Question 8

Where does blood go when it exits the left atrium and through which valve?

Answer 8

Blood flows to the left ventricle through the bicuspid/mitral valve

Question 9

Why do valves only allow opening in one direction?

Answer 9

To prevent backflow

Question 10

Where does the blood go when it leaves the left ventricle and through which artery/vein and valve?

Answer 10

It goes through the aortic semilunar valve and into the aorta for systemic circulation

Question 11

What is a cardiomyocyte and what do the individual parts of the word mean?

Answer 11

Cardiomyocyte is a heart muscle cell

Question 12

What is action potential?

Answer 12

The action potential is an explosion of electrical activity that is created by a depolarizing current.

Question 13

What is the conduction pathway?

Answer 13

The name of the pathway the electrical impulse travels through

Question 14

What does polar mean?

Answer 14

Resting

Question 15

What is depolarisation?

Answer 15

After it has been excited. Electrolytes move in and out of the cell causing electrical charge and stimulating the cell.

Question 16

What is repolarisation?

Answer 16

Once it stabilises electrolyte levels and when it is to returns to polar state

Question 17

Coordinated heartbeat is a result of what?

Answer 17

Nodal cells. Receive electrical activity, go from polar de-polarised. Imbalance in electrolytes occurs, some move into and out of the cell. Generates electrical activity (action potential).

The electrical activity excited nearby cells and they pass on the message throughout the heart. Causes group contraction of a heart chamber. Follows the blood flow.

Question 18

Which wave on an ECG will tell you about the electrical activity of the atrium?

Answer 18

P Wave

Question 19

What is autorhymicity?

Answer 19

Means the heart is capable of maintaining it’s own rhythm and creating it’s own action potential

Question 20

What electrolyte would you expect to see mostly inside a polar cell?

Answer 20

Potassium

Question 21

Which two electrolytes would you expect to see in higher concentration outside a cell that is polarised?

Answer 21

Sodium and Calcium

Question 22

Which electrolyte would become higher in concentration outside a cardiomyocyte during depolarisation?

Answer 22

Potassium

Question 23

When an area of the heart is depolarised, is it contracting or relaxing?

Answer 23

Contracting

Question 24

Where does an electrical impulse travel next after being generated in the sinoatrial node?

Answer 24

The atrioventricular node

Question 25

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 25

The sinoatrial node

Question 26

Where in the heart is the sinoatrial node located?

Answer 26

The right atrium

Question 27

If the ventricles are depolarised, what part of the wave would this be?

Answer 27

QRS complex