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NSB231 > Week 3 Cardiovascular Disease > Flashcards

Week 3 Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Explain an ischemic stroke:

A

A blockage that causes necrosis to tissue due to a lack of blood supply

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2
Q

Explain a hemorrhagic stroke:

A

A bleed in the brain when a blood vessel ruptures

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3
Q

What are stroke signs and symptoms?

A

Sudden numbness, sudden weakness, trouble speaking, trouble to see in one or both eyes, sudden dizziness, loss of balance, severe headache

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4
Q

How do strokes cause sudden numbness and weakness?

A

It stops the blood supply to the area of the brain that controls the feeling

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5
Q

DTV Symptoms:

A

Swelling in leg, pain and tenderness, warmth in skin and red or discoloured skin

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6
Q

How do DTV occur?

A

The patient is immobile for a long period of time, blood flow slows down and blood clots form.

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7
Q

What’s one of the risks of DTV related to the lungs?

A

The blood clot travels through the blood vessels and gets stuck in the lungs and causes pulmonary embolism

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8
Q

How can you reduce the risk of blood clots?

A

Walk around, wear compression stockings, take anti-clotting medication

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9
Q

What is the medical term for high blood pressure?

A

Hypertension

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10
Q

What is secondary hypertension?

A

It is a type of hypertension caused by a secondary condition

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11
Q

What are the risk factors for primary hypertension?

A

Family hx, over 50 yrs old, males, smoking, diabetes, BMI over 30, excessive alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, stress, indigenous

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12
Q

What are some causes of secondary hypertension?

A

Liver cirrhosis, narrow aorta, sleep apnoea

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13
Q

What are some patho causes of hypertension?

A

RAAS or cardiac vascular hypertrophy

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14
Q

What are some interventions for hypertension?

A

medication, manage associated conditions, exercise, stop smoking, change diet, loss weight, monitor bp

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15
Q

What are the two categories of haemorrhagic strokes?

A

Intracerebral hemorrhage. Bleeding is from the blood vessels within the brain.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Bleeding is in the subarachnoid space (the space between the brain and the membranes that cover the brain).

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16
Q

What is an intracerebral hemorrhage?

A

Intracerebral hemorrhage. Bleeding is from the blood vessels within the brain.

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17
Q

What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Bleeding is in the subarachnoid space (the space between the brain and the membranes that cover the brain).

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18
Q

What is aphasia?

A

A disorder that affects communication

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19
Q

What is dysphasia?

A

A disorder that affects speaking

20
Q

Why do patients who suffer a stroke have difficulty controlling their emotions?

A

that part of the brain is impaired and emotional changes after stroke

21
Q

what are spatial perceptual alterations?

A

Where the patient has a stroke on the right side of the brain and has difficulty in their perception

22
Q

How to diagnose stroke?

A

Brain CT, and MRI scan

23
Q

What is one of the main focuses when treating strokes?

A

Preserve the brain

24
Q

What are the key hyperacute treatments for haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Blood pressure management, acute stroke unit care, interdisciplinary approach and early rehab

25
Q

What are the key hyperacute treatments for ischaemic stroke?

A

Thrombolysis, endovascular clot retrieval, acute stroke unit care, anticoagulation, interdisciplinary approach, early rehab

26
Q

What is the FeSS protocol?

A

Fe- fever temp less than 37.5
S- Sugar below 10mmol/L
S- Swallow dysphagia screen test within 4 hrs

27
Q

What is endovascular clot retrieval?

A

Removal of clot from brain

28
Q

What are surgical interventions used to treat hemorrhagic strokes?

A

clipping the aneurysm

29
Q

What is peripheral vascular disease often called?

A

Peripheral artery disease

30
Q

What is Peripheral artery disease?

A

it is narrowing or blockage of the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs.

31
Q

What causes PAD?

A

atherosclerosis (Build up of fatty plaque)

32
Q

What are extra risk factors for PAD?

A

being over 60, smoking, Hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes

33
Q

What is intermittent claudication?

A

post exercise pain in legs

34
Q

What is Paresthesia?

A

burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet

35
Q

What are some diagnostic studies linked to PAD?

A

Doppler ultrasound, Ankle-brachial index,

36
Q

What medications are given to people with PAD?

A

ACE inhibitors, Antiplatelet agents, medications for intermittent claudication

37
Q

What is claudication?

A

Pain in thigh, calf or butt when walking

38
Q

What is the difference between a thrombus and embolism?

A

A thrombus is a blood clot that forms and stays in a blood vessel and an embolism is a blocked blood vessel by a foreign object

39
Q

What is paralysis?

A

Loss of muscle function in that part of the body

40
Q

What is hemiplegia?

A

Being paralysed on one side of the body

41
Q

What is hemiparesis?

A

Weakness on one side of the body

42
Q

What is FAST?

A

Face, Arms, Speech, Time

43
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing food and liquids

44
Q

What is aphasia?

A

A disorder that affects communication

45
Q

What is an ankle-brachial index?

A

Its a test used to compare the blood pressure in upper and lower limbs

NSB231 (5 decks)

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