Week 3: Cardiovascular 1 & Renal Flashcards
Define coronary artery disease
narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart
Explain how coronary blood flow is maintained
preload, afterload, absolute refractory period
Preload
amount of blood the heart must pump with each beat
Afterload
pressure that the heart must generate to move blood into the aorta
Absolute refractory period
prevents cardiac contraction until the first is completed
Risk factors for coronary artery disease
age, smoking, males, obesity, physical inactivity, stress, diabetes, alcohol
Stable angina
precipitated by situations
Variant angina
spasm of the coronary artery
Unstable angina
more persistent and severe, unpredictable`
Pathophysiology of AMI (acute myocardial infarction)
the ischemic death of myo-cardial tissue, area of infarction determined by the coronary artery affected & its distribution of blood flow
P wave
atrial depolarization
PR interval
conduction delay in the AV node
QRS complex
ventricular depolarization
ST segment
time period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization
T wave
ventricular repolarization
What does the acronym ISBAR stand for
identify, situation, background, assessment, request
Criteria for a MET call
distressed airway, breathing 30bpm, circulation SBP < 90mmHg >200mmHg PR 130bpm, v level of consciousness, <50ml urine output
CPR acronym
DRABCD, danger, background, airways, breathing, compression, defibulator
Indications for ECG
chest pain, history of palpitations, cardiac disease, life threatening conditions, collapse, overdose, envenomation
5 types of ECG monitoring
continuous, 12 lead electrocardiography, ambulating, stress testing, telemetry
Cardiac patient immediate interventions
oxygen, ECG, reassurance, positioning, auscultation of chest, bloods
Observations for cardiac patient
vitals, pain assessment, assess cardiac monitoring, general appearance
Significant differences between sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation
sinus rhythm, 60-100 bpm, regular, strong. AF, irregular, fast, weak, pain, weakness, nausea, vomiting
Risks for patients who remain in AF
thromboembolism, other arrhythmias, activity intolerance
Follow up care for cardiac patient
reassurance, education, repeat ECG
Purpose of a cardiac angiogram
assess the state of blood vessels, narrowing and occlusions
Discharge information for cardiac patient
lifestyle changes, preventative medications, signs and symptoms
4 anatomical differences between male and female urethra
m:20cm, F:7cm, male penis has mucousal folds so catheter can become lodged, m:J curve, F: straight, males have many nerve endings
3 reasons for catheterizing a patient
monitor fluid status, retention, muscle dysfunction, narrowed urethra
When would you wear sterile gloved rather than regular gloves
complex dressings, sterile procedures, surgery, invasive procedures, internal examinations
4 advantages of suprapubic catheter
urethra maintained, allows normal voiding to return, reduce pain and discomfort, reduce urethral trauma, easier access for cleaning and changes, greater freedom sexually
4 disadvantages of suprapubic catheter
risk of bowel perforation, infection, swelling, granulation of catheter site, pain and discomfort, bladder stone formation, urethral leakage
