Week 2: Microbes and Wounds Flashcards
Sympathomimetic drug
mimics the effects of transmitters of the sympathetic NS
Sympatholytic drug
inhibits postganglionic functioning of the NS
Action of opioid analgesics
cause a reduction in neuronal cell excitability that results in reduced transmission of nociceptive impulses
Limitations of NSAIDS
ADR’s > GI disturbance, asthma attacks, dizziness, headaches
Benefits of NSAIDS
anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects
Commonly used NSAIDS
asprin, ibuprofen, indole, fenamates, celecoxib
Use of other analgesics eg paracetamol
inhibits prostaglandin release but no anti-inflammatory effect, mild – moderate pain
DMARDS (disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs)
used in the control of rheumatoid arthritis
Common ADR’s of DMARDS
infection, GI disturbance, hypersensitivity, diabetes, alopecia, abdominal pain
Common drugs used for general anaesthesia
nitrous oxide, desflurane, barbituates, non barbituates, benzodiazepines, propofol, ninotinic receptor anatagonists
Use of neuromuscular blocking agents over general anaesthesia
cause paralysis of the muscle directly without CNS depression and its many systemic effects
Nosocomial infection
hospital acquired infection
Use and ADR’s of Aminoglycosides (anti-infective agent
serious or life threatening infections, neurotoxicity, GI disturbance, hypersensitivity, rash, fever
Use and ADR’s of cephalosporins (anti-infective agent)
bowel and gynecological surgeries, GI disturbance, altered taste, abdominal pain, rash, weakness
Use and ADR’s of fluroquinilones (anti-infective agent
Gram –ive and some Gram +ive, GI disturbance, altered taste, headache, weakness
Use and ADR’s of Penicillin
rash, anaphylactic shock, furry tongue, GI disturbances, neurotoxicity
Use of PCA (patient controlled analgesia)
delivers a set dose of opioid on demand with a time delay between doses
Primary intention healing
minimal tissue lost and wound edges held by sutures, tape or glue, scarring minimal
Secondary intention healing
heals from granulating from the base & contracting in from the edges, always scarring
Wound assessment
1 vitals, 2 type, 3 location, 4 size/dimensions, 5 appearance, 6 type of healing, 7 tissue loss and surrounding skin, 7 necrotic tissue, 9 exudate/drainage, 10 pain, 11 infection, 12 odour, 13 past treatment, 14 current treatment, 15 follow up/documentation
Wound location
anatomical position & landmarks
Wound Exudate
serous (pale, yellow, watery), haemoserous (pale, pinkish, yellow), sanguineuous (as from acute laceration), purulent (thick opaque pale yellow, green or tan)
Wound – surrounding skin
pain, infection, clean, contaminated, infected
Wound bed preparation
Tissue; removal of devitalized tissue. Infection/inflammation; does the wound have signs of contamination. Moisture imbalance; does the wound have excess exudate or too dry?. Edge of wound; non advancing or undermined (TIME)
Wound field concept
wounds are micro environments and once exposed, not sterile. Only the items introduced to the wounds surface have the potential to cause further infection
3 routes for admission of medication
intramuscularly, subcutaneous, intravenous, intradermal
3 injection sites for IM injection
deltoid, ventrogluteal, dorsalgluteal, vastus lateralis
3 injection sites for subcutaneous injections
abdomen, anterior thigh, lateral and distal aspects of the arm
Equipment needed for administration of an injection
kidney dish, alcohol swab, syringe, needles, medication chart, medication ordered, gloves, sharps container
Equipment necessary to prepare to administer IV antibiotics
medication chart, medication ordered, saline flush, sterile dilutant, 2x 10ml syringes (1 saline, 1 drug), drawing up needle, giving needle, alcohol swab, kidney dish
