Week 3 Brain Anatomy Flashcards
What is the surface anatomy of the brain?
Cerebral hemispheres,
Cerebellum and
Brain stem
How many ventricles of the brain are there?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
D. 4
- Filled with CSF
- The paired C-shaped lateral ventricles
- The third ventricle found in the diencephalon
- The fourth ventricle found in the hindbrain, dorsal to the pons
This structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain and allows them to communicate:
A. Corpus Callosum
B. Longitudinal fissures
C. Cerebellum
D. Caudate Nucleus
A. Corpus Callosum
Corpus callosum consists of axons that interconnect the two hemispheres. The primary function of the corpus callosum is to integrate motor, sensory, and cognitive performances between the cerebral cortex on one side of the brain to the same region on the other side
Describe the hemispheres of the brain.
- form superior part of the brain
- make up 83% of its mass
- contain ridges (gyri) and shallow grooves (sulci)
- contain deep grooves called fissures
- are separated by the longitudinal fissure
- each hempisphere acts contralaterally
What is the cerebral cortex responsible for?
Conscious Sensation
Initiation of Movement
Touch, Sound, Vision
Language
What is the role of the basal ganglia?
The basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions, including control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, habit learning, eye movements, cognition, and emotion.
What are the purpose of the Amygdala and the Hipocampus?
The amygdala is the emotion centre of the brain, while the hippocampus plays an essential role in the formation of new memories about past experiences.
- emotions
- learning
- memory
- basic drives
What percentage of Gray Matter accounts for the brains mass?
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 50%
C. 40%
How many lobes of the brain are there?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
B. 4
Frontal Lobe - Thinking, planning, problem-solving
Parietal Lobe - Perception, Making sense of the world
Occipital Lobe - Vision
Temporal Lobe - Memory, language, understanding
As well as
Motor Cortex - Movement
Sensory Cortex - Sensations
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
A. Processing of sensory input
B. Memory Formation
C. Complex Movement
D. Thinking and Planning
A. Perception
- Essential in integration and processing of sensory input
- visual, tactile, auditory
- sensory experiences transition to thought
- spatial awareness and self-awareness
- filters out extraneous information
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
A. Perception, Making sense of the world
B. Movement
C. Thinking, problem-solving
D. Memory, Understanding Language
D. Memory, Understanding Language
Which is not a ‘Motor Area’ of the Cerebral Cortex?
A. Primary (somatic) motor cortex B. Premotor Cortex C. Broca's Area D. Prefrontal Cortex E. Frontal Eye Field
D. Prefrontal Cortex
The prefrontal cortex is the association cortex of the Frontal Lobe. It is one of the last brain structures to develop in the course of evolution
Which of the following is one of the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex?
A. Prefrontal Cortex
B. Premotor Cortex
C. Olfactory, Gustatory and Vestibular Cortices
D. Broca’s Area
C. Olfactory, Gustatory and Vestibular Cortices
The other sensory areas include
- Primary somatosensory cortex
- somatosensory association cortex
- visual and auditory areas
What are the assoication areas of the cerebral cortex?
- prefrontal cortex
- language areas
- general (common) interpretation area
- visceral association area
What is Lateralization?
A. Designates the hemisphere responsible for language
B. Is the structure that connects the two hemispheres
C. Each hemisphere has abilities not shared by the other
D. Control of visual, spacial skills
C. Each hemisphere has abilities not shared by the other
The lateralisation of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialised to one side of the brain or the other. The medial longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum.
What is Cerebral Dominance?
A. Designates the hemisphere responsible for language and math
B. Is the structure that connects the two hemispheres
C. Each hemisphere has abilities not shared by the other
D. Designates the side of the brain to have control over speech and handedness
D. Designates the side of the brain to have control over speech and handedness
Or
the normal tendency for one side of the brain to control particular functions, such as handedness and speech.
What does the left hemisphere usually control?
A. Maths and logic
B. Emotions
C. Artistic Skill
D. Visual-Spatial Skills
A. Maths and logic
The right hemisphere controls the remaining
Emotions
Artistic Skill
Visual-Spatial Skills
What is cerebral white matter? And what is it responsible for?
- consists of deep myelinated fibres and their tracts
- it is responsible for communication between the cerebral cortex and lower CNS center, and areas of the cerebrum
What is the role of the Diencephalon (interbrain) and what is it made up of?
The diencephalon relays sensory information between brain regions and controls many autonomic functions of the peripheral nervous system
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
What is the key function regarding Thalamic Function?
A. Relaying Messages
B. Interpreting Sensations
C. Regulating HR. BP. HR
D. Fear Response
A. Relaying Messages
All inputs ascending to the Cerebral Cortex pass through the Thalamus
Relays info from sensory and motor afferents
It also plays a role in Mediation
- Sensation
- Motor Activities
- Cortical arousal, Sleep
- Learning and Memory
What does the Hypothalamus regulate?
A. Afferent message to the cortex
B. Spacing and self-awareness
C. Language and Speech
D. BP, HR, RR
D. BP, HR, RR
The Hypothalamus controls hormones from the pituitary glands. Therefore it controls the autonomic system, temperature regulation and water/food consumption
- BP
- rate and force of the heartbeat
- digestive tract motility
- RR and depth of breathing
- many other visceral activities
- perception of pleasure, fear and rage
- maintains normal body temperature
- regulates feelings of hunger and satiety
- regulates sleep and sleep cycle
What is the Hypothalamic - Pituitary - Adrenal Axis important for?
A. Stress Response to Threats
B. In sexual reproduction
C. Enhancing concentration during daily tasks
D. All the above
A. Stress Response to Threats
Hypothalamus important for the neurobiology of fear/anxiety response/depression
HPA Axis
The Hypothalamus releases CRH to the anterior pituitary. Anterior pituitary releases ACTH to the Adrenal cortex. Adrenal cortex release cortisol.
List the order of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis (HPA)..
Hypothalamus -> CRH -> Anterior pituitary.
Anterior pituitary -> ACTH -> Adrenal cortex.
Adrenal cortex -> cortisol.
What hormones is the posterior pituitary gland responsible for secreting?
ADH - kidney tubules
Oxytocin - uterus smooth muscle and mammary glands
