week 3 - assessment and classification

Question 1

diagnostic assessment

Answer 1

multi method (interview, observation, self report, review of records)

Multiformat (could be client/patient, parents or teachers)

Question 2

assessment : clinical interview

Answer 2

-establishes rapport
-gathers present symptoms
-social and cultural context
-areas of current distress, past mental problems, social history

Question 3

the mental status exam

Answer 3

observation of client concerning - appearance, behavior, mood, speech quality, perception

Question 4

structured interviews

Answer 4

used to analyze, interpret and evaluate events and relationships within a theoretical framework and used to describe unique experiences and complex disorders, not easily reduced to a single variable

Question 5

cultural dimensions - cultural formulation interview

Answer 5

assesses -
persons cultural identity, cultural conceptions of distress, pyschosocial stressors, overall cultural assessment

Question 6

reliability

Answer 6

is the instrument consistent?
internal reliability - do individual questions relate to each other?

test retest reliability - do 2 measurements result in the same outcome

alternate corm reliability - do 2 difference versions of the measure result in the same outcome?

inter-rater reliability - do 2 raters make the same observation/ interpretations of the measure

Question 7

validity

Answer 7

Does the instrument measure what its supposed to?

content validity - does the measure assess all the aspects of a phenomenon

predictive validity - does the measure accurately predict thoughts, feelings, behaviors in the future?

concurrent validity - does the measure show similar results to the others already validated that measure the same thing?

construct validity - does the measure assess what it is supposed to?

ecological validity - the data is meaningful and collected in ways that go beyond the local context

Question 8

questionnaires: the beck depression inventory

Answer 8

-used by both clinicians and researchers to assess symptoms associated with depression (21 multiple choice items)
-used to determine symptom severity (mild, moderate, severe)

Question 9

questionnaires - the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory - (MMPI-3)

Answer 9

-335 true or false questions
-empirically developed with matched samples
-compares individuals scores to a normative sample or chosen comparison group
-ten different clinical categories and can detect how much a patients responses deviates from normal

Question 10

projective tests

Answer 10

-Freuds ideas of repression
-used to window into thoughts of clients see how they differ from the thoughts of others

Question 11

the Rorschach test (projective test)

Answer 11

Developed by Swiss psychiatrist - Herman Rorschach
-assessed for - use of color and movement and focus on details rather than big picture

Question 12

thematic apperception test (projective test)

Answer 12

30 black and white drawings of people and scenes
-the emotion in the patients narrative gives insight into what they are thinking and feeling

Question 13

benefits and criticisms of projective tests

Answer 13

benefits - less structured format, fewer demand characteristics, less socially desirable responses, assess desires that are often unconscious

criticism - questionable reliability and validity, not really predictive or diagnostic due to lack of supporting scientific evidence

Question 14

neuropsychological tests

Answer 14

tests designed to assess brain damage

Question 15

the wechsler adult intelligence (neuro test)

Answer 15

a general adult intelligence test

2 subscales - verbal (comprehension and reasoning)
performance - spatial processing and attention to detail

Question 16

Wisconsin card sorting test (neuro test)

Answer 16

client sorts card into 4 miles based on shape or color - asks to switch sorting category which should be easy for a normal person

Question 17

continuous performance test (neuro test)

Answer 17

measures various aspect of patients attentional abilities, shown letters and have to respond to target letter then person must respond to letter when its followed by another

people with adhd find this hard

Question 18

neuroscience and diagnosis

Answer 18

Brain scanning can classify illnesses

Question 19

categorical and dimensional approaches to diagnosis

Answer 19

categorical - diagnosis based on whether people show presence or absence of a particular symptoms
dimensional - diagnosis depending on degrees of symptoms

Question 20

comorbidity

Answer 20

the presence of more than one disorder at the same time

internalizing - the focus of the disorder is inside the person like depression

externalizing - the focus of the disorder is outside the person like substance abuse

Question 21

purpose of classification systems

Answer 21

as a nomenclature to provide standard names for disorders, basis of info, descriptive system

Question 22

The ICD

Answer 22

International Statistical Classification of disease and related Illness

involves short narratives describing each condition

Question 23

the DSM

Answer 23

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
uses specific criteria for symptoms rather than broad descriptions of disorders

Question 24

research domain criteria

Answer 24

seeks to create a classification system with 7 differences from the DSM