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STEP 2 CK > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

PML

A
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2
Q

Neurocysticercosis

A
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3
Q

Secondary causes of hypertension

A
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4
Q

PNH

A
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5
Q

CNS lymphoma

A

Presence of EBV DNA in the CSF is specific for this condition

MRI reveals a weakly ring-enhancing mass that is usually solitary and periventricular

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6
Q

Clincial features of primary adrenal insufficiency

A
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7
Q

Clinical features of trichinellosis

A
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8
Q

Lymphedema

A
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9
Q

Cervicofacial actinomyces

A
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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Systemic sclerosis

A
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12
Q

Common causes of diarrhea in patients with AIDS

A
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13
Q

Types of systematic error

A
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14
Q

Common causes of myopathy

A
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15
Q

Hepatic hydrothorax

A

generally results in transudative pleural effusions and is thought to occur due to small defects in the diaphram

Diagnosis involves documentation of the effusion and testing to exclude other causes

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16
Q

Clinical features of pulmonary hypertension

A
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17
Q

Clinical features of primary adrenal insufficiency

A
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18
Q

earliest renal abnormailty seen in diabetic nepropathy

A

Glomerular hyperfiltration. Is also the major pathophysiologic mechanism of glomerular injury in these patients

Thickening of the glomerular basement membrane is the first change that can be quantified

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19
Q

Diffuse esophageal spasm

A

episodes of dysphagia, regurgitation and/or chest pain precipitated by emotional stress

Manometry established diagnosis

Nitrates and ca channel blockers relax SM of esophagus and alleviate the pain

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20
Q

Features of carcinoid syndrome

A
21
Q

Evaluation of bright red blood per rectum

A
22
Q

Facial paralysis/motor neurons

A
23
Q

Calcium in blood

A

40-45% bound to albumin and other plasma proteins

Patients with hypoalbuminemia may have significant deficit in total blood caccium, however, the ionized plasma calcium (physiologically actie form) is hormonally regulated and remains stabe

24
Q

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 2

A

Caused by persistant activation of the alternative complement pathway

C3 deposits

25
Q

Drugs/supplements that affect warfarin metabolism

A
26
Q

Digitalis toxicity

A

Causes increased ectopy and increased vagal tone

Atrial tachycardia with AV block occurs from combination of these two digitalis effects and is relatively specific for digitalis toxicity

27
Q

Primary vs secondary central adrenal insufficiency

A
28
Q

Claw toe and hammer toe defornities

A

Inbalance in strength and flexibility

In patient with longstanding diabetes may suggest underlying diabetic peripheral neuropathy

29
Q

Mechanism of hypovolemic hyponatremia

A

Decreased renal perfusion leads to decreased renal tubular na delivery which stimulates the RAAS system and increases na reabsoption

Nonosmotic stimulation of ADH occurs and hypotension

Salt and water retention help correct hypovolemia

causes hypovolemic hyponatremia

30
Q

Opportunistic infections in HIV

A
31
Q

Laclunar stroke of posterolateral thalmus

A

typically presents with sudden onset contralateral sensory loss involving all sensory modalities (ie pure sensory stroke)

weeks to months later, pateints can develop thalamic pain syndrome characterized by severe paroxysmal burning pain over the affected area that is exacerbated by light toutch (allodynia)

32
Q

Cholesteral crystal embolism

A
33
Q

Cancer related anorexia/cachexia

A

Progesterone analogues and corticosteroids

Progesterone analogues preferred due to decreased incidence of side effects

34
Q

Sjogren syndrome

A
35
Q

Common fibular neuropathy

A

transient

Unilateral foot drow

Numbness/tingling over the dorsal foot and lateral shin

Impaired ankle dorsiflexion (walking on heels)

Preserved plantar flexion (walking on toes)

36
Q

Clinical characteristics of major stroke subtypes

A
37
Q

Eosinophilic esophagitis

A
38
Q

Pericardial effusions ekg

A

Eletrical alterans

QRS complexes whose amplitudes vary from beat to beat

thought to result from heart’s swinging back and forth within an increased quantity of pericardial fluid

39
Q

Spinal cord compression

A
40
Q

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis

A
41
Q

Refactory hypokalemia

A

Hypomagnesmia is one well known cause

Chronic alcoholism can cause

Intracellular mg thoguht to inhibit K secretion by renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channels in the collecting tubules of the kidney. Therefore low intracellular mg results in excessive renal pottasium loss

42
Q

Hyperestrinism in cirrhosis

A

leads to gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, decreased body hair, spider angiomas, and palmar erythema

43
Q

Sympathetic opthalmia

A

Characterized by damage of one eye (the sympathetic eye) after a penetrating injury to the other eye

Due to immunologic mecahnism involving the recognition of “hidden” antigens

44
Q

Clinical features of osteomalacia

A
45
Q

Depression related cognitive impairment

A

SSRIs and psycotherapy

As depression improves cognitive impairment should return to baseline

46
Q

Syphilis manigestations

A
47
Q

Erythropoeitin side effect

A

Hypertension.

48
Q

Viterous hemorrhage

A

Typically presents as a sudden loss of vision and onset of floaters

Occurs in paitents with diabetic retinopathy

STEP 2 CK (6 decks)

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