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STEP 2 CK > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Beta blocker overdose

A

Bradycardia, AV block, hypotension and DIFUSE WHEEZING

Hypoglycema, bronchospasm and neurological dysfunction (delerium)

Also cold and clamy extremities

=Sequre airway and give isotonic fluid boluses and IV atropine for treatment of hypotension and bradycardia

In patients with refactory or profound hypotension give IV glucagon

Glucagon increases intracellular levels of cAMP

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2
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A
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3
Q

Hyperkalemia

A
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4
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

A
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5
Q

Hep A postexposure prophalaxis

A

Hep A or Hep A immune globulin in close personal contacts (sexual, houshold)

Child care contacts

Food preparation workers whose coworkers have been infected

Should be given within 2 weeks of exposure

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6
Q

AVNRT

Abrupt onset of regular tachycardia that resolves with cold water immersion

2 conduction pathways (slow and fast)

reentry mechanism

Vagal maneuvers increase parasympathetic tone in the heart and result in temporary slowing of conduction in AV node and increase in the AV node refractory period leading to termination of AVNRT

A
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7
Q

Hemodynamic measurements in shock

A
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8
Q

Hepatorenal syndrome

A
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9
Q

Prolonged high FIO2

Can cause oxygen toxicity as it can lead to the formation of proinflamatory oxygen free radicals and predispose to atelectasis as alveolar nitrogen is displaced, resulting in worsened oxygenation

No strict cutoff but levels less than 60% are considered safe

A
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10
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Progressive fatigue with exertional lightheadedness and presyncope delayed carotid pulses and systolic murmur over the right upper sternal border

Severe AS is where signs show up (Valve area less than 1 cm2_

Diminished and delayed carotid pules (pulsus parvus et tardus)

Late-peaking crecendo-decrescendo systolic murmur

Soft and single S2

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11
Q

Reactive arthritis

A

Type of seronegative spondloarthropathy

Triad of nongonococcal urethritis, asymmetric oligoarthritis and conjunctivitis

OFten involves knee and sacroilliac spine

Mucucutaneous lesions and enthesitis (achilles tendon pain) are common findings

Synovial fluid analysis is usually sterile

NSAIDS are first line therapy during acute phase

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12
Q

Lacunar stroke

A
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13
Q

Acute Interstitial nephritis

A
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14
Q

Lead poisoning in adults

A
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15
Q

Evaluation of hyperthyroidism

A
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16
Q

Causes of urinary incontinence in the elderly

A
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17
Q

Crohn disease

A
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18
Q

Dermatofibroma

A

Due to fibroblast proliferation causing isolated or multiple lesions, most comonly in lower extremities

Etiology is unknown but some pateints may develop after trauma such as bug bites

Discrete, firm, hyperpigmented nodules that are usually less than 1 cm in diamter

Fiberous component that may cause dimplin in the center when the area is pinched (dimple or buttonhole sign)

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19
Q

Ichthyosis vulgaris

A

Chronic inherited skin disorder characterized by diffuse dermal scarring

Caused by mutation in filaggrin gene

Rough scale like skin

Worsens later in life and in winter

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20
Q

Porphyria cutanea tarda

A
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21
Q

SJS and TEN

A
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22
Q

Tinea versicolor

A
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23
Q

Teiogen effiuvuium

A
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24
Q

crystal-induced acute kidney injury

A
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25
Q

aspergilliosis

A
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26
Q

Cyanide accumulation and toxicity

A

Prolonged infusion of nitropurosside at high rates

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27
Q

Features of fibromyalgia, polymyositis and polymyalgia rheumatica

A
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28
Q

Cognitive impairment in elderly patients

A
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29
Q

Abnormal hemostasis in CRF

A

Platelet dysfunction most common

PT, PTT and Platelet count normal but BT prolonged

DDAVP (desmopressin) treatment of choice. Increases release of factor VII: von Willebrand factor multimers from endothelial storage sites

Platelet transfusion is not indicated because transfused platelets quickly become inactive

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30
Q

Length of time of liver transplant and infectious organism

A
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31
Q

ADH related causes of polyuria and polydipsia

A
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32
Q

Interstitial cysitis

A
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33
Q

Drugs associated with pancreatitis

A
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34
Q

Treatment of chronic stable angina

A
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35
Q

Cryoglobulinemia

A
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36
Q

Hypothyroidism metabolic abnormalities

A

Hyperlipidemia, hyponatremia and asymptomatic elevations of CK and serum transaminases

Statins can increase the risk for myopathy in poorly controlled hypothyroidism and should be given with caution in these patients

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37
Q

Colon cancer screening in patients at increased risk

A
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38
Q

Type 2 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

39
Q

Prevention of recurrent nephrolithiasis

40
Q

Vaccines for chronic liver disease

41
Q

Medications that improve survival in patients with LV systolic dysfunction

A

ACE inhibitors

ARBs

Beta blockers

Mieralcorticoid receptor antagonists (spironolactone and eplerone)

42
Q

Ankylosing spondylitits

43
Q

Conditions that alter TBG concentration

44
Q

Theophylline toxicity

A

Narrow therapeutic index

CNS stimulation (headache, insomnia, seizures) GI disturbances and cardiac toxicity (arrhythmia)

Metabolized predominantly by the cytochrome oxidase system in the liver

Inhebition by conccurent ilness (cirrhosis, cholestasis, respiratory infections with fever) or drugs (cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, verapamil) can cause toxicity

45
Q

Mechanical complications of acute MI

46
Q

Restless legs syndrome

47
Q

Pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia

48
Q

ROC Curve

49
Q

Causes of recurrent pneumonia

50
Q

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

51
Q

Central retinal artery occlusion

A

Acute painless monocular vision loss

Most commonly begins as an embolized plaque from the ipsilateral carotid artery

Most patients develop significant permanent visual deficits.

52
Q

Common causes of shoulder pain

53
Q

General manifestations of hyperthyroidism

54
Q

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

One of the most common causes of chronic, poorly localized anterior knee pain

Etiology is multifactorial and likely variable

Diagnosis based on clinical findings. Atrophy or weakness of the quadriceps or hip abductors is common, and rotational or varus/valgus malalignment may also be noted

Pain can often be provoked with tonic contraction of the quadriceps

Management includes avoiding triggering activities and strengthening exercises

55
Q

Subdural Heamtoma

56
Q

Huntington disease

57
Q

ABGs of salicylate posoning

A

First respiratory alkalosis followed by anion gap metabolic acidosis

Low PaCo2

Low HCo3

Near normal pH because the two disturbances shift the pH in opposite directions

58
Q

Nephrotic syndrome issues

A

The risk for atherosclerotic disease

hypercoagulability

59
Q

Management of hypercalcemia

60
Q

Multiple myeloma osteolytic bony metastases

A

Serum protein electrophoresis SPEP common screening detects elevated serum monoclonal (M-spike_

Bone marrow biopsy, more invasive, can then confirm diagnosis (more than 10 percent clonal plasma cells)

61
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

62
Q

Calcific uremic arteriolopathy

63
Q

Types of PAH

64
Q

Common variable immunodeficiency

65
Q

Acute erosive gastropathy

A

Characterized by development of hemorrhagic lesions after ischemia or the exposure of gastric mucosa to various injurious agents (alcohol, aspirin, cocaine)

66
Q

Subclavian Steal

A

OFten asymptomatic but may have symptoms of upper extremity ischemia (pain, fatigue, paresthesias) or vertebrobasilar insufficiency (dizziness, ataxia, dysequilibrium) that are worsened by upper extremity exercise

67
Q

Myasthenic crisis

68
Q

Acute pericarditis

69
Q

CSF Fluid analysis

70
Q

Effects of positioning in patient with pneumonia

A

Alveolar consolidation causes markedly impaired alveolar ventilation in the affected portion in the lung

THis results in hypoxemia due to right-t0-left intrapulmonary shunting of blood and extreme ventelation perfusion mismatch

71
Q

HIV associated dementia

A

More likley in poorly controled HIV paitnets. CD4 less than 200

Characterized by subcortical symptoms early in course of disease

Subacute onset

Increased apathy and impaired attention

72
Q

clinical features of primary hyperaldosteronism

73
Q

Bechet disease

74
Q

anorectal fistula

75
Q

effect of maneuvers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

76
Q

prosthetic joint infection

77
Q

Exudative and transdative pleural effusions

78
Q

Hypernatremia chart

79
Q

Exertional heat stroke

80
Q

nocardiosis

81
Q

Approach to hyperbilirubinemia in adults

82
Q

Asthma treatment

83
Q

Splenic infarction

A

Uncommon usually arises in the setting of acute splenic artery occlusion

Etiologies include hypercoagulable state, embolic disease, or hemoglobinopathy

84
Q

Pellegra

A

Niacin deficiency

Dermatitis of sun-exposed areas

Diarrhea

Dementia

Prolonged isoniazid therapy can occasionally cause

85
Q

Basal ganglia (putaminal hemorrhage)

A

Hypertensive vasculopathy most common cause

86
Q

Wilson disease

87
Q

Drugs for neuropathic pain

88
Q

Acute liver failure

89
Q

Peak airway pressure (max pressure measured as the tital volume is being delivered) equals the sum of the resistive pressure (flow x resistance) and the plateau pressure

The plateau pressure is the pressure measured during an inspiratory hold maneuver when pulmonary airflow and thus restrictive pressure are both 0. It represents the sum of the elastic pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure

90
Q

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

91
Q

Causes of hypertension and hypokalemia chart

92
Q

IgA nephropathy vs postinfectious glomerulonephritis

STEP 2 CK (6 decks)

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