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GP RIA > week 3 > Flashcards

week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

lasting power of attorney

A

legal document that lets an individual appoint one or more people to help make decisions or to make decisions in the future event of the patient lacing capacity

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2
Q

2 types of lasting power of attorney

A

1) health + welfare

2) property + financial affairs

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3
Q

advanced statement

A

written statement by the patient, setting out preferences, wishes, beliefs regarding future care

not legally binding

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4
Q

advance decision OR advance decision to refuse treatment

A

a decision a patient with capacity can make to refuse specific treatments in the future

legally binding

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5
Q

electrolyte imbalance caused by omeprazole

A

hyponatraemia

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6
Q

NSAIDs and electrolyte imbalance

A

NSAIDs can cause renal damage therefore at risk of causing electrolyte imbalance

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7
Q

U+E that can cause acute confusion

A
  • uraemia

- hyponatraemia

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8
Q

bone profile results causing acute confusion

A
  • hypercalcaemia

- hypocalcaemia

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9
Q

3 medications that can cause hyponatraemia

A
  • omeprazole
  • citalopram
  • ramipril
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10
Q

causes of

  • hyponatraemia
  • dehydrated patient
  • urinary Na > 20 mmol/l
A

Renal Na loss

  • addisons disease
  • renal failure
  • diuretic excess
  • osmolar diuresis
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11
Q

causes of

  • hyponatraemia
  • dehydrated patient
  • urinary Na < 20 mmol/L
A

loss of Na elsewhere (not through urine)

  • diarrhoea
  • vomiting
  • fistulae
  • burns
  • SBO
  • trauma
  • CF
  • heat exposure
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12
Q

cause of

  • hyponatraemia
  • patient not dehydrated
  • patient is oedematous
A
  • neophrotic syndrome
  • cardiac failure
  • cirrhosis
  • renal failure
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13
Q

cause of

  • hyponatraemia
  • patient not oedematous or dehydrated
  • urine osmolarity > 500 mmol/kg
A

SiADH

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14
Q

cause of

  • hyponatraemia
  • patient not dehydrated
  • normal urine osmolarity
A
  • water overloaded
  • severe hypothyroidism
  • glucocorticoid insufficiency
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15
Q

definition of diarrhoea

  • acute
  • chronic
A

abnormal passage of loose stools more than 3 times a day

  • less than 4 weeks
  • longer than 4 weeks
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16
Q

drugs that can cause acute diarrhoea

A
  • allopurinol
  • abx
  • digoxin
  • metformin
  • NSAIDs
  • PPIs
  • SSRIs
  • statins
  • thyroxine
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17
Q

red flags for diarrhoea

A
  • blood
  • persistent vomiting
  • weight loss
  • nocturnal symptoms
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18
Q

q’s in hx when suspecting an underlying cause of infective diarrhoea

A
  • food poisoning
  • travel abroad
  • contact with another person with diarrhoea
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19
Q

signs of dehydration

A
  • reduced skin turgor
  • nausea
  • light headedness
  • tiredness
  • dizziness
  • confusion
  • oliguria
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20
Q

indication (2) for emergency hosp admission following diarrhoea

A
  • vomiting and inability to retain oral fluids

- features of severe dehydration + shock

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21
Q

complications of diarrhoea

A
  • dehydration
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • IBS
  • infection spreading
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22
Q

how long will it take for most infective diarrhoea to pass

A

2-4 days

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23
Q

how long does diarrhoea caused by campylobacter + salmonella last

A

2-7 days

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24
Q

investigation of choice when looking for an infective cause of diarrhoea

A

stool sample

  • culture
  • sensitivity
  • ova
  • cysts
  • parasites
25
Q

2 week wait for colorectal cancer

A
  • rectal bleeding
  • abdo pain
  • change in bowel habit
  • weight loss
  • fe def anaemia
26
Q

group of bacteria that cause food poisoning often to due to undercooked meat

A

campylobacter

27
Q

causes of persistent diarrhoea (no longer acute)

A
  • coeliac disease
  • IBS
  • anxiety
  • hyperthyroid
  • IBD
28
Q

antibody test for coeliac disease

A

tissue trans-glutaminase antibody

29
Q

marker to test for IBD

A

faecal calprotectin

30
Q

medication to reduce bowel spasms

A

buscopan / hyoscine butylbromide

31
Q

biggest cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospital patients

A

clostridium difficile

32
Q

4 C’s identified by Foods standard agency to prevent campylobacter

A
  • cleaniness
  • cooking
  • chilling
  • cross-contamination
33
Q

common side effects of opiates

A
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • constipation
  • itch
34
Q

advice for helping constipation

A
  • physical activity
  • fruit
  • fibre
  • fluids
  • over the counter medications
35
Q
  • vertigo triggered by change in head position
  • assoc. w/ nausea
  • episodes last 10-20 seconds
A

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

36
Q
  • vertigo
  • tinnitus
  • sensorineural hearing loss
  • aural fullness
A

Meniere’s disease

37
Q

test for BPPV

A

Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre

38
Q

management of BPPV

A
  • epley manoeuvre
39
Q

how to test lying and standing BP

A

Check BP lying + then after standing at intervals of 1 3 and 5 minutes

40
Q

2 important causes of hypotension + tachycardia

A
  • acute blood loss

- sepsis

41
Q

how reliable is a urine pregnancy test

A

97%

42
Q

Trx for vertigo

A
  • Betahistine: vasodilator in inner ear

- cyclizine, cinnarazine, prochlorperazine: vestibular sedative

43
Q

why is unilateral tinnitus a red flag of vertigo

A

urgent MRI scan for acoustic neuroma

44
Q

4 symptoms in acoustic neuroma

A
  • unilateral tinnitus
  • hearing loss
  • absent corneal reflex
  • vertigo
45
Q

why red flag: sudden, complete unilateral hearing loss w/ vertigo

A

suggestive of acute ischaemia episode: posterior cerebellar artery thrombosis

46
Q

why red flag: atypical episode of vertigo

A

if along with other transient neurological symptoms: MS

47
Q

3 CNS causes of vertigo

A
  • migraine
  • MS/brain tumour
  • acoustic neuroma
48
Q

3 PNS causes of vertigo

A
  • BPPV
  • ototoxic drugs: gentamicin
  • Labyrinthitis
49
Q

features of Meniere’s disease and what is it?

A

disorder of inner ear of unknown cause characterised by excessive pressure and progressive dilatation of endolymphatic system

  • vertigo
  • aural fullness
  • tinnitus
  • sensorineural hearing loss
  • nystgmus
50
Q

direct thrombin inhibitor

A

Dabigitran

51
Q

Direct Factor Xa inhibior

A

Rivaraxaban

Apixaban

52
Q

symptoms of AF (4)

A
  • palpitations
  • dizziness
  • chest pain
  • sob
53
Q

score that calculates risk of stroke in patients with AF

+ whether anticoagulation needed

A

CHA2DS2-VASc

54
Q

score that assesses risk of bleeding for a patient on anticoagulation

A

HASBLED

55
Q

melaena

A

black sticky faeces due to upper gi bleed

56
Q

coffee ground vomit

A

haematemesis

57
Q

GI causes of chest pain

A
  • gastritis
  • ulcers
  • GORD
  • oesophageal malignancy
  • pancreatitis
  • biliary collic
58
Q

REsp causes chest pain

A
  • pe
  • pneumonia
  • pleurisy
  • lung cancer
59
Q

cardiac causes chest pain

A
  • mi
  • pericarditis
  • aortic stenosis

GP RIA (4 decks)

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