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GP RIA > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

who does the NHS offer cholesterol testing for?

A

all patients 40-74 years can have a CVD risk check

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2
Q

6 components to CVD risk check

A

1) alcohol consumption
2) FH
3) physical activity
4) smoking
5) diet
6) ethnicity

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3
Q

physical activity recommendations for adults in UK

A
  • 75 mins vigorous aerobic activity + strength exercises on 2 or morE days a week
  • 150 mins mod activity OR 75 mins of vigorous activity every week
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4
Q

physical activity recommendations to over 65 year olds

A

balance + co-ordination activities

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5
Q

units =

A

ABV x ml / 1000

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6
Q

current alcohol guidelines

A

< 14 units a week, spread throughout the week, ideally with some alcohol free days.

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7
Q

BMI =

A

(kg) / (metres squared)

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8
Q

BMI obese

A

BMI > 30

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9
Q

BMI overweight

A

25-30

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10
Q

normal BMI

A

18.5 - 25

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11
Q

malignant HTN value is

A

> 180/110

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12
Q

useful NHS guide for dietary advice

A

The Eatwell Guide

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13
Q

what does a QRISK2 score of 12.4% mean?

A

of every 100 people the same age as you, with the same risk factors; about 12 of them are likely to have a heart attack or stroke within the next 10 years

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14
Q

when on statins which blood tests are needed?

A

@ 3 months: total cholesterol, HDL, non-HDL cholesterol

LFT @ 3 months + 12 months

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15
Q

symptoms patients should look out for when on statins

A
  • muscle aches + pains
  • pain, tenderness, weakness of muscles

seek medical advice + CK levels may be tested

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16
Q

definition of HTN

A

clinic reading >/= 140/90
or
24 hour BP average reading >/= 135/85

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17
Q

trx HTN for < 55 year olds

A

Ace inhibitor

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18
Q

trx HTN for either above 55 or Africo caribbean origin

A

Calcium channel blocker

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19
Q

step 2 and step 3 management of HTN

A

step 2: Ace inhibitor + Calcium channel blocker

step 3: Ace inhibitor + calcium channel blocker + Thiazide diuretic

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20
Q

symptoms of HTN if >200/120

A
  • headaches
  • visual disturbances
  • seizures
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21
Q

normal temperature is

A

36.5 - 37.5

22
Q

non blanching rash, particularly with one or more of the following

  • ill looking child
  • lesions larger than 2 mm in diameter
  • CRT > 3 seconds
  • neck stiffness
A

MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE

23
Q
  • neck stiffness
  • bulging fontanelle
  • decreased level of consciousness
  • convulsive status epilepticus
A

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

24
Q
  • focal neurological signs
  • focal seizures
  • decreased level of consciousness
A

HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS

25
Q
  • tachypnoea
  • chest crackles
  • nasal flaring
  • chest indrawing
  • cyanosis
  • oxygen sats = 95%
A

PNEUMONIA

26
Q
  • vomiting
  • poor feeding
  • lethargy
  • irritability
  • abdo pain/tenderness
  • urinary freq/dysuria
  • any infant under 3 months with a fever
A

URINARY TRACT INFECTION

27
Q
  • swelling of limb or joint
  • not using an extremity
  • non weight bearing
A

SEPTIC ARTHRITIS

28
Q

Fever for more than 5 days at and least 4 of the following

  • bilateral conjunctival injection
  • change in mucous membranes
  • change in the extremities
  • polymorphous rash
  • cervical lymphadenopathy
A

KAWASAKI DISEASE

29
Q

Barking cough

A

croup

30
Q

signs of increased work of breathing

A
  • tracheal tug
  • recession
  • increased respiratory rate
  • abdominal breathing
  • cyanosis
31
Q

what is EPIGLOTTITIS

A

inflammation of the epiglottis (flap at base of tongue

32
Q

typical age for epiglottitis

A

2-4 year old child

33
Q

cause of Epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae type b

34
Q

why is epiglottitis more common in adults than children

A

because of the increase in use of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugated vaccine

35
Q

importance of considering epiglottitis prior to throat examination?

A

risk of causing abrupt + complete airway obstruction due to rapidly progressive cellulitis of the epiglottis and adjacent structures

36
Q
  • sore throat
  • enlarged tonsils
  • fever
A

Tonsillitis/Pharyngitis

37
Q

clinical presentation of epiglottitis

A
  • difficulty swallowing
  • dyspnoea
  • dysphonia
  • irritability
  • fever
  • drooling of oral secretions
38
Q

clinical presentation of tonsilitis?

A
  • sore throat
  • enlarged tonsils
  • fever
  • malaise
39
Q

appearance of tonsils in tonsilitis

A

Tonsils are oedematous + yellow

white pustules may be present

40
Q

treatment of tonsilitis

A

Penicillin

41
Q

causative bacteria of tonsilitis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

42
Q

guidance to help decide if abx are helpful?

A

Centor criteria

43
Q

Other than the centor criteria, when else may a GP give abx

A
  • immunocompromise
  • systemic upset
  • valvular heart disease
44
Q

what is the centor criteria for?

A

developed to predict bacterial infection in people with acute sore throat

45
Q

Centor criteria (4)

A

1) presence of tonsillar exudate
2) presence of tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
3) history of fever
4) absence of cough

46
Q

results of centor criteria

A

Centor score 3 or 4 indicates the person may have a bacterial infection and would benefit from antibiotics

47
Q

where are vaccinations recorded?

A

In the red book which parents look after.
They are given it at the time of the baby’s birth

red book aka personal child health record

48
Q

how can a patient seek medical help

A

contact GP surgery
or
NHS 111

49
Q

safety netting symptoms for treatment of viral tonsilitis

A
  • any new symptoms develop
  • seems unwell in himself
  • unable to swallow
  • noisy breathing
  • reduced oral intake
50
Q

3 good reasons to vaccinate your child

A

1) they are quick, safe, effective
2) once your child has been vaccinated against a disease, their body can fight it off better
3) if they are not vaccinated they are at higher risk of catching and becoming very ill from the illness

GP RIA (4 decks)

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