Week 3

Question 1

primary structure

Answer 1

Unique sequence of amino acids in a protein, involving all 20 amino acids.

Question 2

secondary structure

Answer 2

Created by interactions between functional groups in the backbone. Hydrogen bonds can form between amino groups and carboxyl groups within the same molecule. Hydrogen attached to nitrogen in the amino group is attracted to an oxygen in the carboxyl group.

Question 3

∝-helix

Answer 3

Secondary structure where polypeptide’s backbone is coiled.

Question 4

β-pleated sheet

Answer 4

Secondary structure in which segments of peptide chain bends 180° and then fold in the same plane.

Question 5

tertiary structure

Answer 5

3D shapes resulting from interactions between residues that are brought together as the chain bends and folds in place.

Question 6

van der Waals interactions

Answer 6

Stabilized electrical attractions formed by hydrophobic side chains, their electrons’ constant motion gives the molecule a tiny asymmetry that changes over time.

Question 7

disulfide bonds bonds

Answer 7

Covalent bonding in which between the side chains of two cysteines through a reaction between the sulfhydryl groups.

Question 8

quaternary structure

Answer 8

Formed by some proteins containing multiple polypeptides that interacts to form a single functional structure. The combining of there polypeptides/sub-units are called quaternary structure.

Question 9

macromolecular machine

Answer 9

Groups of multiple proteins that assemble to carry out a particular function.

Question 10

catalysts

Answer 10

Bring substrates together in a precise orientation that makes reactions more likely.

Question 11

active site

Answer 11

Binding site within enzymes where they bring substrate molecules together in a substrate to.

Question 12

induced fit

Answer 12

Enzymes are flexible and dynamic, and undergoes a significant change in shape/conformation, when reactant molecules bind to the active site.

Question 13

transition state

Answer 13

Temporary, unstable, intermediate condition when degree of interaction between a substrate and enzyme reaches a maximum.

Question 14

activation energy

Answer 14

Kinetic energy required to strain the chemical bonds in substrates so they can achieve the transition state.

Question 15

RNA polymerase

Answer 15

An enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA by a polymerization reaction.