Week 1

Question 1

tree of life

Answer 1

A family tree of organisms.

Question 2

phylogeny

Answer 2

Organisms’ actual genealogical relationships.

Question 3

phylogenetic tree

Answer 3

A diagram that depicts evolutionary history according to their phylogeny.

Question 4

eukaryotes

Answer 4

Have a prominent component called the nucleus.

Multicellular.

Question 5

prokaryotes

Answer 5

Lacks a nucleus. (Bacterial and Archaeal cells)

Unicellular.

Question 6

taxonomy

Answer 6

The effort to name and clarify organisms.

Question 7

taxon (plural: taxa)

Answer 7

Any named group based on its phylogeny.

Question 8

domain

Answer 8

The highest taxonomic category, consisting one or more kingdoms. Living organisms are divided into three domains: Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya.

Question 9

phylum (plural: phyla)

Answer 9

Major lineages within each domain. Arbitrary designation but considered a major branch on the tree of life.

Question 10

genus (plural: genera)

Answer 10

Made up of a closely related group of species. (e.g. Homo genus, consisting of humans and other extinct species)

Question 11

species

Answer 11

Organism’s species, always preceded by its genus. (e.g. sapiens for humans)

Question 12

scientific name

Answer 12

Naming system consisting of two parts: genus and species. Genus always precedes species identification and is always capitalized, and both italicized.
No identical genus and species names should exist.

Question 13

LUCA

Answer 13

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Question 14

molecules

Answer 14

Substances held together by covalent bonds.

Question 15

compounds

Answer 15

Atoms of different elements that forms a bond.

Question 16

electronegativity

Answer 16

Properties of an element in a compound where they may pull shared electrons towards their nuclei with varying strength.

Question 17

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 17

A bond that involves equally shared electrons.

Question 18

polar covalent bond

Answer 18

Asymmetric sharing of electrons. Electrons in this bond spends most of their time close to the nucleus of the more electronegatitve atom.

Question 19

ionic bonds

Answer 19

Bonds involving a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to other resulting in a full valence shell.

Question 20

ion

Answer 20

An atom or molecule that carries a full charge.

Question 21

cation

Answer 21

Positively charged ions.

Question 22

anion

Answer 22

Negatively charged ions.