Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cholinergic drugs

A

Parasympathetic nervous sys (PNS) by mimicking or inhibiting acetylcholine (ACH) which is located at the gaglions and PNS terminal nerve endings. Innervates cholinergic receptors in organs, tissues and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cholinergic receptors

A

Nicotine and muscarinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cholinergic Agonist

A

Stimulate PNS direct (binds direct to cholinergic rreceptors at target tissue level mimicking acetylcholine) or indirectly (inhibit acetylcholinesterase, prolonging action of natural acetylcholine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cholinergic antagonist

A

Inhibit actions of acetylcholine -> inhibits PNS

Atropine, tolterodine tartrate, scopolamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CNS antagonist

A

Large doses = drowsiness, disorientation and hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DV agonists

A

De HR, slows conduction through AV node, de BP = vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CV antagonist

A

Large doses ^ hr

Small doses de hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pulmonary agonist

A

^ bronchial constriction

^ bronchial secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pulmonary system

A

De bronchial constrictions

De bronchial secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gastrointestinal agonist

A

^ gastric motility and peristalsis

Relaxes sphincter muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GI antagonist

A

De gastric motility and peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Genitourinary agonist

A

Contracts bladder, relaxes bladder’s sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Genitourinary antagonist

A

Relaxes bladder and ^ constriction of bladder sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ocular agonist

A

Constricts pupils

^ ability to accommodate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ocular antagonist

A 
Dilates pupils (mydriasis)
De ability to accommodate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glandular

A

^ salivation, perspiration, and tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glandular antagonist

A

de salivation, perspiration and tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Skeletal muscle agonist

A

^neuromuscular transmission, maintain muscle strength and tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Skeletal muscles antagonists

A

De muscle rigidity and de tremors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bethanechol

A

Agonist med

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bethanechol - mechanisms of action

A

Direct acting agonist (binds to cholinergic receptors), stimulates muscarinic receptors in bladder and GI tract

^ bladder tone, relaxes bladder sphincter
^ GI smooth muscle tone and motility and relaxes GI sphincters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bethanechol - therapeutic uses

A

Treats postoperative nonobstructive urinary retention and urinary retention associated with neurogenic gladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bethanechol - pharmacokinetics

A

Poorly absorbed from GI and % bound to plasma protein is unknown. Crosses BBB. Excreted in urging. 1/2 life is unknown. Onset = 30-90 mins (oral) lasts 2 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pre-admin - bethanechol

A 
Head to toe assessment
Med allergies
Past med history
Current meds
Alcohol and drug use
Herbal preparation use
Patient baseline vitals
Urine output (>1500 mL/d)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Contraindications - bethanechol

A 
Asthma
Bradycardia
COPD
Coronary artery disease
GI obstruction
Hyperthyroidism
Hypotension
Irritable bowl syndrome
Parkinsonism
Peptic ulcer disease
Seizures
Urinary tract obstruction
Integrity of GI or bladder wall is unknown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Drug interactions - bethanechol

A

De given sympathomimentics, anticholinergics, opioids
^ given another cholinergic agonist (direct/indirect)
Use with caution with ganglionic blocking agents = severe hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Adverse rxns of bethanechol

A 
CV = in and de HR, de BP
CNS = headache, dizziness and seizures
GI. = cramping, diarrhea, ^ gastric acid secretion, ^ oral secretion
Respiratory = ^ bronchial secretions, bronchospasms

Lacrimation, sweating, mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Atropine

A

Antagonist med

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Mechanisms of action - atropine

A

Inhibits action of acetylcholine by occupying muscarinic receptors

Blocks vagus stimulation ^ HR
Paralyzes iris sphincter = pupillary dilation

30
Q

Therapeutic uses - atropine

A

De salivation and respiratory secretions preoperatively

^ HR = Bradycardia
Dilate pupils before eye exam

31
Q

Pharmacokinetics - atropine

A

Absorbed well when given parentrally and orally. % bound to plasma protein unknown. Excreted by using, crosses BBB and placenta. Onset immediate. 1/2 life is 2-3 hrs and duration is 4 hrs

32
Q

How drugs work on the ANS

A

Turn off SNS

Turn off PNS

33
Q

Drugs altering neurotransmitters

A 
Affect synthesis
Prevent storage
Influence release
Bind to receptor site
Prevent normal breakdown or reuptake
34
Q

Primary neurotransmitters

A

Norepinephrine and acetylcholine

35
Q

Norepinephrine

A

SNS a catecholamine (epinephrine and dopamine are 2 other catecholamines)
Adrenergic receptors - alpha and beta

36
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Effects on both SNS and PNS

Cholinergic receptors - nicotinic and muscarinic

37
Q

Sympathomimetics

A

Stimulation of sympathetic nervous systems
Adrenergic agonist
TURN ON the SNS

38
Q

Parasympathomimetics

A

Stimulation of PNS

Muscarinic agonist or cholinergic

Turn ON the PNS

39
Q

Sypatholytics

A

Adrenergic antagonists

Inhibits SNS

Adrenergic blocker

Turn OFF SNS

40
Q

Parasympatholytics

A

Inhibit PNS
Anticholinergic
Turn OFF PNS

41
Q

Agonist

A

Turn ON

Act like natural chemical

42
Q

Antagonist

A

Turn OFF

Block cellular activity

43
Q

SNS - sympathmimetics

A

Adrenergic - stimulate Adrenalin

Fight or flight

Receptor subtypes - alpha, beta

44
Q

Alpha 1 adrenergic

A

Receptor agonists

Constricts blood vessels, dilate pupils

Rx septic shock, low BP, nasal congestion, ophalmic exam

45
Q

Alpha 2

A

Receptor agonists (don’t use a lot)

Inhibit release of norepinephrine
Rx hypertension

46
Q

Beta 1

A

Receptor agonist

^ hr, force of contraction
Rx cardiac arrest, heart failure shock

Heart = pump or ^ strength

HEART

47
Q

Beta 2

A

LUNGS

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
Bronchodilator
Rx asthma

48
Q

Adrenergic agonist - actions

A 
Cardiac stimulation
^ blood flow to skeletal muscles
Peripheral vasoconstriction 
Bronchodilation
Dilation of pupils
49
Q

Adrenergic agonists - uses

A 
Restore rhythm in cardiac arrest 
^ bp in shock
Constricting capillaries
Dilating bronchioles
Ophthalmic procedures
Anaphylaxis
50
Q

Adrenergic agonist - adverse effects

A 
Tachycardia, palpitations
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Aginal pain
Nervousness, tremor
Hypertension
Hyperglycemia
51
Q

Adrenergic agonists - contraindications/precautions

A

Angina
Coronary insufficiency
Hypertension
Cardiac dysrhythmias

52
Q

Adrenergic agonist - prototype

A

Epinephrine (Adrenalin)

Acts on alpha and beta receptors

53
Q

Norepinephrine (levophed)

A 
Acute situations
Vasopressin
Predominant ALPHA 1 adrenergic effects
Potent vasoconstrictor
Rx of shock states

Excessive vasoconstriciton - impair cardiac performance, decrease organ and tissue perfusion
)

Antidote for peripheral IV extravasation - phentolamine (regitine) alpha adrenergic blocker

54
Q

Albuterol (ventolin)

A

BETA 2
Asthma, COPD
Oral, inhalation, nebulizer
High doses = stimulate beta 1 receptors

55
Q

Adrenergic antagonists/blockers

A

Turn OFF SNS
Block effects of adrenergics
Occupy receptor site or inhibition release of transmitter
Beta-blockers most common

Hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, angina, migraine

Hypotension, bradycardia, fatigue

C/p - hypotension, asthma, diabetes

56
Q

Beta blockers (lol)

A

Metoprolol (lopressor)
Atenolol (tenormin)

Selective beta 1 blockers

57
Q

Selective blockers are

A

A jigsaw puzzle

Fit into the correct sites

58
Q

No selective blockers

A

Stacks of blocks

Can be places on top of each other with no particular form

59
Q

Patient education - beta blockers

A

CV disease

Rise slowly from reclined position
Possible slow heart beat
Avoid alcohol, antihistamines, muscle relaxants, sedatives
Report sexual dysfunction or depression
Do not stop abruptly
Consult before using OTC cold preparations

60
Q

Alpha blockers

A

Not as common
Likely to cause: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia

Terazosin (hytrin)
-benign prostatic hyperplasia, relaxes muscles of bladder and prostate allowing using to flow

61
Q

Cholinergic agonists and anticholinergics

A

Affect PNS
Parasympathomimetics
Parasympatholytics
Acetylcholine

Muscarinic receptors - slow hr, stimulate smooth muscle

Nicotinic receptors - neuromuscular junction (excitatory response), increase neuromuscular transmission

62
Q

Cholinergic agonists

A

Parasympathomimetics - turn ON

Increased secretions

Direct acting cholinergic agonist

Indirect acting cholinergic agonist - inhibit cholinesterase (break down acetylcholine)

63
Q

Metoclopramide (reglan)

A

Direct active cholinergic agonist

Gerd, nausea, gastroparesis

Speeds up gastric emptying

Adverse rxn - tar dive dyskinesia

64
Q

Varenicline (chantix0

A

Nicotinic agonist

Prevents binding of nicotine to receptors

Decreased desire to smoke

12 week course, graduated dosing over week 1

Pregnancy category C

Adverse - mental status changes, mood changes, decreased tolerance to alcohol, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

65
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitor

A

Blocks the breakdown of acetylcholine
Allow acetylcholine to accumulate at neuromuscular junction
Donepezil (aricept)

Alzheimer’s

66
Q

Anticholinergics - actions

A

Drying of secretions
Decreased GI/GU motility
Dilation of pupils

67
Q

Anticholinergic - uses

A 
Preop
Antispasmodic
Antidote
Bradycardia/heart block
Dilation of pupils
Prevent/treat bronchospams
68
Q

Anticholinergic - adverse effect

A

Blurred vision; h/a
Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention

Palpitations/tachycardia
Confusion/excitement, esp in elderly
Fever/flushing

69
Q

Anticholinergic - contraindications/precautions

A 
Asthma, COPD
Angle-closure glaucoma
GI/GU obstruction
Cardiac dysrhythmias 
Hypertension
70
Q

Anticholinergic drugs (ine)

A

Atropine
Tolterodine tartrate (detrol)
Benztorpine (cogentin)
Scopolamine (transdrem scop)

Anticholinergic syndrome toxicity
“Red as a beet, dry as a bone, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, and full as a flask”

Pharm (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions