Week 3-6 Blood Flashcards
Blood group antigen
On putter surface of erythrocytes membrane
Important for transfusion
Antibody
-present in serum
-natural antibodies-> anti-A, antiB appear 2-8months after birth
-immune antibody -> anti D ( present only, when organism is already met with the antigen
-IGM cannot cross placenta
Bleeding time material
*antiseptic solution
*hypodermic needle
*tissue
*stop watch
Bleeding time procedure
- clean-puncture- blot the blood -no bleeding stop the watch
Bleeding time evaluation
normal and patho
Normal:2-3mins
Patho:more than 5mins
Clotting time material
Same as bleeding time
Watch glass
Glass rod
Water bath 37 degree
Clotting time procedure
*4-5drops of blood on watch glass
*waterbath
*glassrod every 20 sec
* stop the watch when 1st fibrin fivér appear
Evolution of clotting time
Normal:5-10 mins
Prothrombin time
-the time needed prothrombin-thrombin -fibrin time
-extrinsic pathway Bitamin k and ca2+
Procedure of prothrombin time
- place watchglass and reagent thromboplastin-Ca2+ into water bath
- 0.1 ml citrated plasma onto watch glass
-0.2 ml reagent into plasma sample
-dip the glass rod 2 times/sec
Normal: 13-22sec
Prothrombin index(quick index)
Prothrombin index (%)= (prothrombin time of standard plasma (sec)/prothrombin time of sample(sec))*100
Normal range 70-120%
International Normalized Ratio
INR=(PTsample/PTstandard)squareISI
Normal range 0.8- 1.2
Higher INR, lower Quick index
Risk of Bleeding
Lower INR higher Quick index
Risk of thrombosis
Hematocrit mean
The ratio of volume of fundaments to the volume of the whole blood
Hemotocrit material
Heparin coated capillary
Plasticine
Centrifuges
Antiseptic
Needle
Blood
Hematocrit procedure
Blood-filled the capillary-seal with plasticine-centrifuge 10-20000RPM for 3-10mins
Evaluation of the hematocrit result
Normal: male:42-52%
Female: 37-47%
Red blood cell counting material
Mixing pipette(1:100)
Hayek solution: hypertonic salt solution prevents RBC stick together
Burker’s chamber
Coverslip
Microscope
Antiseptic
Needle
Blood
Red blood cell counting procedure
Burker’s chamber with coverslip
Using 1/201/201/10 small square
Blood1+100 hayem’s solution mix it, first 2 drops nope and to the slide and then using 40* objects by using l law
Red blood cell counting caculation
RBC Count= (average No. of RBCs per area)* dilution(100)*1/1/4000
Normal range RBC counting
Male:4.5-6 million/ul
Female: 3.8-5.2 million/ul
Mean size of RBC material
Isotonic solution
Microscope glass slide
Coverslip
Microscope + eyepiece graticule
Immersion oil
Antiseptic
Needle
Mean size of RBC procedure
Immersion oil lens 100* calibration eyepiece graticule to the smallest unit of the scale of a calibration slide (10um) count 200-300 RBC
Normal RBC size
7-8um , 2-2.5thickness
price jones curves right and left shift
Right:macrocytosis
Left: microcytosis
Erythrocytes sedimentation rate is
The rate at which RBCs settle down in a tube during 1 hr
The higher the ration of globulin and fibrinogen to albumin how is the ESR will be?
Increase ESR
Normal range of ESR
Male:2-6mm/hr
Female: 3-10 mm/hr
The dye of Reticulocyte counting
Supravital: Brilliant cresyl blue stain
Normal range of Reticulocyte counting
0.7-1.5%
Dye for palate counting
Ress Ecker *10 dilution
Normal range of thrombocyte for adult
150,000-400,000/ul
Dye for leukocytes counting
Turk solution *10 dilution
Normal range of WBC counting
4000-10000/ul
Differential leukocytes count method
Dry blood slide to solution 1 May-grunwald for 3 mins then 2nd solution with May-Grunwald and deionised water 1:1 for 3 mins then shoultion 3, 10:1 deionnised water and Giemsa solution 10-15 mins
Normal osmotic range is
0.42-0.46% NaCl solition
Complete hemolysis
0.30-0.34% NaCls solution
Determination of Hb concentration by the Drabkin’s method
Transfrom Hb to Meth-Hb, ferrous(Fe2+)to ferric(Fe3+) by potassium ferricyanide measuring by spectrophotometer absorption 540nm
Caculation of Drabkin’s method
Hb-cc unknown(g/l)=(E unknown/ E standard)*HB-cc standard
Normal range of Hb concentration
Male:120-160
Female:140-180g/l
MCV mean corpuscular volume
=hematocrit/RBC count
Normal range 82-92fl (f=10^-15)
MCH mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Hb cc/ RBC count
Normal range: 28-36pg/RBC (p=10^-12)
MCHC mean corpuscular Hb cc
Hbcc/ hematocrit (gHb/RBC)
Normal:310-360gHb/RBC