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Physiology 1 Lab > Week 13. Gastro-intestinal Tract > Flashcards

Week 13. Gastro-intestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

The parotid glands produce?

A

A serous, watery,amylase rich saliva

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2
Q

The sublingual glands produce

A

More viscous mucin-rich saliva

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3
Q

The submandibular glands produce?

A

Mixed saliva

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4
Q

The protein content of saliva is

A

2-6 g/l

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5
Q

The pH of saliva

A

Fresh: pH6.6-6.9, later CO2 evaporated, the pH become alkalic, leads to precipitation of CaCO3 on teeth

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6
Q

Material of Investigation of saliva amylase

A
  1. Saliva + starch solution
  2. Take 2 ml from 1. Boiled it 40 degree water bath
  3. 3ml taken by time and iodine and Fehling’s test performed
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7
Q

The principal of the Fehling’s reaction

A

Under alkaline conditions: the aldehyde group of carbs. Reduce copper2 to copper1, Red precipitation. And aldehyde group is oxidized to carboxy group

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8
Q

Preparation of Fehling’s reaction

A

Fehling’s-1reagent(copper2 sulphate solution), Fehling’s-2 reagent (solution of Na-K tartarate in NaOH)

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9
Q

Procedure of Fehling’s test

A

1:1 reagent 1 and 2->deep blue solution then mix with sample

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10
Q

Alpha amylase is ptyalin hydrolyzing starch to

A

amylodextrin, erythrodextrin, maltodextrin, and finally maltose

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11
Q

Overall digestion is

A

(C6H10O5)n+n(H2O)=n(C6H12O6)

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12
Q

Erythrodextrin reaction with iodine

A

Gives red color but negative to Fehling’s test

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13
Q

Maltodextrin

A

Iodine test: negative
Fehling’s test: positive

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14
Q

Maltose

A

Iodine: negative
Fehling’s test: positive strong

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15
Q

Boiled sample

A

Iodine:positive

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16
Q

Basal gastric secretion (BAO=basal-acid-output)

A

The amount of acid secreted by the stomach in 1 hr in the morning without stimulation

17
Q

Maximal gastric acid secretion (MAO=maximal-acid-output)

A

Highest rate of gastric acid secretion by stimulation (gastrin, histamine,histamine like substance)

18
Q

Peak acid output PAO

A

Sum of 2 highest 15 min fractions of maximal acid secretion.always lower than MAO

19
Q

Material of determination of BAO, MAO,PAO

A
  1. Titration: 10 ml burette fixed to a stand
  2. 1 mol/l NaOH solution
  3. Phenol red indicator color change yellow(acid) to violet(base) in pH 6.8-8.4
  4. Normacid, hipoacid, hyper acid HCl solution
20
Q

Procedure of determination of BAO,MAO,PAO

A
  1. Gastric probe with fasting, remove and measure the gastric acid produced at night normal:10-15
  2. After 1 hr collection 10ml of it is titrated with 0.1 mol/l NaOH+ phenol red indicator till the color to violet
  3. After 1 hr , the pentagastrin administered to patient. Collect for each 15 min for 1 hr do the 2. Again
21
Q

Evaluation of the BAO results

A

BAO mmol/hr: amount of H+ produced in stomach without stimulator
Normal: 4 mmol/hr

22
Q

Evaluation of the MAO results

A

MAO mmol/hr: amount of H+ produced in stomach with stimulator(pentagastrin)
Normal: 16-20 mmol/ h

23
Q

Evaluation of the PAO results

A

PAO=the highest secretion amount that is sum of 2 highest (15 min) fractions of MAO
Normal: 10-12mmol/ 30 min

24
Q

Coculation of BAO MAO

A

N(HCl) =(V NaOH*V fraction)/100

25
Q

Hyperchorhydria

A

Indicative peptic ulcer, zollinger- Ellison syndrome

26
Q

Hypocholrhydria

A

Hypochtomic anemia, pernicious anemia, atropic gastritis, gastric carcinoma

27
Q

Matt’s tube method
Investigation of the protein digestion function of pepsin

A

3 test tube
1. Only 2 ml pepsin solution + egg whites
2. Only 2 ml n/10 hydrochloric acid + egg whites
3. 1:1 mixture of pepsin and1/10n hydrochloric acid+ egg whites

Only 3rd can observe the protein decomposition

28
Q

Bile types

A

A-bile mixture of duodenal juice and fluid coming from the liver and bile ducts

B-bile:gallbladder bile, dark, more viscous

C-bile: hepatic bile golden yellow

29
Q

Rosenbach’s test
Determination of bile pigment

A

Filter paper with sample and put HNO3

HNO3 oxidise bilirubin to biliverdin(green),bilicyanine(blue),biliprasin (violet red), choletelin (yellow)

30
Q

Feces

A

Consistency
pH: liquid,(pH 5.6-7.3) solid(pH6.0-8.4)
Color
Odor

31
Q

Stool test:
Benzidine test
Immunological fecal occult blood test(FOBT)

A

Benzidine test
-pseudo peroxidase activity of hemoglobin (H2O2+benzidine->H2O+oxidized benzidine derivative)

Immunological fecal occult blood test(FOBT) like Covid test

Physiology 1 Lab (5 decks)

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