Week 3+4+5

Question 1

Graticule

Answer 1

Lines of latitude and longitude drawn on a hardcopy map or represented in a digital database

Question 2

Latitude

Answer 2

Spherical coordinates of Earth location that vary in a north-south direction

Question 3

Longitude

Answer 3

Spherical coordinates of Earth location that vary in a east-west direction

Question 4

Topology

Answer 4

Shape-invariant spatial properties of line or area features such as adjacency, contiguity, and connectedness, often recorded in a set of related tables

Question 5

Polygon inclusion

Answer 5

Areas in a polygon that are
different from the rest of
the polygon, but still part
of it

Question 6

Boundary generalization

Answer 6

Incomplete representation of boundary locations

Question 7

Vector Topology Benefits

Answer 7

• Enhance vector operations
• Smaller file sizes

Question 8

Vector Topology Negatives

Answer 8

• Computational costs
• Data must be “clean”

Question 9

Object Data Models

Answer 9

• Alternative for structuring
  data
• Follow a logical mode

Question 10

Object Data Models Benefits

Answer 10

• Easily identified geographic units and problems lend themselves to an object model
• Easily implemented across a wide range of software

Question 11

Object Data Models Negatives

Answer 11

• Less useful for continuous data
• Complex

Question 12

GIS File Structure

Answer 12

• Shapefile
• Geodatabase
• Feature class
• Feature dataset

Question 13

Ellipsoid

Answer 13

A mathematical model of the shape of the Earth that is approximately the shape of a flattened sphere, formed by rotating an ellipse

Question 14

Geoid

Answer 14

A measurement-based model of the shape of the Earth. The geoid is a gravitational equipotential surface, meaning a standard surface of equal gravitational pull. The geoid is used primarily as a basis for specifying terrain or other heights

Question 15

Map Projection

Answer 15

A systematic rendering of features from a spheroid or ellipsoid representing the 3-dimensional Earth to a map surface

Question 16

NAD83

Answer 16

North American Datum of 1983. The successor to NAD27, using approximately an order of magnitude more measurements and improvements in analytical models and computer power. The current network of standard horizontal positions for North America

Question 17

NAVD88

Answer 17

North American Vertical Datum of 1988, the successor vertical datum to NAVD29

Question 17

UTM

Answer 17

Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system, a standard set of map projections developed by the U.S. Military and widely adopted for coordinate specification over regional study areas. A cylindrical projection is specified with a central meridian for each six-degree wide UTM zone

Question 18

NATFR2022

Answer 18

North American Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022: The successor datum toNAD83(2011)