Week 3 Flashcards
Name two examples of organisms that reproduce asexually.
Hydra and grasses
What does asexual reproduction mean?
When offspring of some animals are produced through mitosis without gametes.
Describe the asexual process of budding.
Cells on the side of an organism multiply by mitosis and a new organism forms.
Describe the process of using runners.
At intervals, roots grow down, anchoring the runners. Shoots grow up at this point, creating a new individual.
Which form of cell division is used in asexual reproduction?
Mitosis
Describe the genetic relationship between parent and offspring.
They are genetically identical.
What is the advantage of sexual relationship (to a population)
The four gametes produced are all different.
Which form of cell division provides variation?
Meiosis
What is genetics the study of?
Inherited characteristics called traits
Who was Gregor Mendel?
An Australian monk who was not a world renowned scientist.
What is meant by pure breeding?
When all individuals have the same genetic information.
What occurred when pollen from red flowered plants were used to cross pollinate white flowered plants.
All the plants in the next generation produced red flowers?
Which colour plant is dominant: red or white?
Red
Define dominant characteristic.
The characteristic that can be observed in the appearance of the individual.
Define recessive characteristic?
The characteristic that remains hidden from the appearance of the individual.
What is meant by F1 generation?
The first generation
If you were to take two red flowers (F1) that had been bred from red and white flowers and then crossed them, were all the resulting flowers (F2) red in colour?
No. 3 out of 4 were red. 1 was white.
What proportion of each colour were present?
¾ red
¼ white
What conclusion did Mendal draw from his observations?
The genes work in pairs to determine which characteristic is shown or expressed.
What are alleles?
Variations of genes
What is meant by homozygous?
When an individual has two alleles the same.
What is meant by heterozygous?
When an individual has two different alleles.
Which cell division process determines how the genes are split up in sex cells?
Meiosis
If one cell with two sets of chromosomes, one with RR genes and the other with rr genes, were to divide via meiosis, how many cells are produced and which genes are present?
4 cells. Rr, Rr, Rr and Rr.
