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Biology Yr 10 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What does DNA determine for different organisms?

A

Characteristics (how your body looks and functions)

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3
Q

Is DNA an element, compound or ion?

A

Compound

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4
Q

Is DNA found in all organisms the same?

A

They have the same structure but they are different

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5
Q

Name the molecules that make up DNA?

A

Nucleotides

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6
Q

Name the three main parts that nucleotides are made up of?

A

Phosphate group
Deoxyribose sugar group
One of four nitrogen rich bases

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7
Q

Describe the shape of a DNA molecule?

A

The nucleotides in DNA are arranged in a way that makes DNA look like a double helix (looks like a twisted rope ladder)

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8
Q

What are the ladder uprights of DNA composed of?

A

Phosphate and deoxyribose sugar

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9
Q

What are the ladder steps of DNA composed of?

A

The four bases

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10
Q

Name the nitrogen-rich bases?

A

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

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11
Q

Are all of the bases exactly the same, explain?

A

No, they have different chemical structures

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12
Q

Name the two base pairing combinations?

A

Adenine and thymine

Guanine and cytosine

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13
Q

What is the part of the DNA molecule that bases attach to?

A

Deoxyribose sugar group

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14
Q

In between the deoxyribose sugar groups you will find what?

A

Phosphate groups

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15
Q

Bases are joined to each other using _____________ base pairing.

A

Complementary

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16
Q

What element are bases rich in?

A

Nitrogen

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17
Q

DNA is sometimes referred to as the “blueprint of life”, why would this be?

A

DNA is the genetic blueprint or recipe for making all living things

18
Q

Where are chromosomes found in cells?

A

The nucleus

19
Q

Describe the structure of a chromosome?

A

Long, thin and threadlike

20
Q

What are chromosome made of?

A

DNA and protein

21
Q

How many chromosomes are found in most human cells?

A

46

22
Q

How many chromosomes are found in sperm and egg cells?

A

23

23
Q

How many chromosomes are found in red blood cells?

A

0 (they don’t have a nucleus)

24
Q

Do all organisms have the same number of chromosomes in their cells as humans?

A

No

25
Q

What is a gene?

A

Sections of DNA that control one piece of inherited information. There can be over 1000 genes in a single chromosome.

26
Q

How is one gene different to another?

A

The genetic code and length of of the DNA strand

27
Q

What is a genetic code?

A

The order of bases along the DNA strand

28
Q

What do proteins control?

A

Many characteristics or functions in the body

29
Q

What chemicals are combined to make proteins?

A

Amino acids

30
Q

Cells have the ability to _________ and make exact copies of their DNA.

A

Replicate

31
Q

Before cells do this to the DNA they must have doubled.

A

Divide

32
Q

These types of cells only contain half of the number of chromosomes that other cells contain.

A

Sperm and egg

33
Q

Before DNA is able to produce new strands it must do this process.

A

Unzip

34
Q

List the following in order of increasing size and justify your answer:
Nucleus, gene, chromosome, cell, tissue

A 
Gene, chromosome, nucleus, cell, tissue
Tissues are made up of cells
Cells (except for red blood cells) contain a nucleus
Nucleuses contain chromosomes 
Chromosomes are made up of DNA
Genes are sections of DNA
35
Q

What do both plant and animal cells have in common?

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane

36
Q

When was DNA found and who by?

A

1868

Friedrich Miescher

37
Q

Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins received what prize in what year for determining what in what year?

A

Nobel prize
1692
Structure of DNA
1953

38
Q

What does soap/detergent/extraction solution do to a cell?

A

Raptures the outer part of the cell

39
Q

What helps separate DNA from other cellular chemicals?

A

Salt

40
Q

What does cooling help protect DNA from?

A

Enzymes that normally don’t bother the DNA. The cold temperature helps slow the enzymes down

41
Q

How does the last cooling help DNA?

A

It helps solidify and precipitate.

Biology Yr 10 (5 decks)

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