Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Yr 10 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why would new DNA have to be made?

A

If new DNA was not formed, your skin would wear away, cuts would not heal and you would run out of blood.
You also would not be able to reproduce.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the process of making new DNA called?

A

Replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the first step of replication?

A

The parent DNA molecule starts to unzip at one end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the second step of replication?

A

Copying of the DNA has begun with complementary bases attaching to both strands of the DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the third step of replication?

A

The sugar and phosphate molecules bond with neighbouring nucleotides and new strands of DNA are formed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

Each of the two threadlike strands into which a cell divides during cell division.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the two types of cell division?

A

Mitosis and meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

While type of cell division would occur to repair damaged muscle tissues?

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which type of cell division begins around the time of puberty (in some parts of the body)?

A

Meiosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is mitosis a stop start process?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does mitosis occur in stages?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stage 1 of mitosis?

A

Chromosomes replicate to become double stranded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Has the cell divided before or after stage of mitosis?

A

Before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are individual chromosomes visible during stage one of mitosis?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stage 2 of mitosis?

A

Double stranded chromosomes become visible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to the DNA in stage two of mitosis?

A

It coils up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are individual chromosomes visible during stage two of mitosis?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is each chromosome composed of?

A

Two chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to the nuclear membrane between stage two and three of mitosis?

A

It breaks down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stage 3 of mitosis?

A

Double stranded chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell

21
Q

Where is the cell equator?

A

The middle of the cell

22
Q

Where are the cell poles?

A

At opposite ends of the cell

23
Q

What is the purpose of the network fibres?

A

To contract and pull the chromosomes to opposite poles.

24
Q

Stage 4 of mitosis?

A

The chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell

25
Q

Sage 5 of mitosis?

A

Two nuclei form, each with the diploid number of chromosomes.

26
Q

Stage 6 of mitosis?

A

Membranes form, separating the two nuclei into the two daughter cells

27
Q

What does the cell division process of meiosis produce?

A

Gametes (eggs and sperm)

28
Q

Are the the processes of mitosis and meiosis exactly the same? Explain?

A

No. Meiosis produces four daughter cells whereas mitosis only forms two.

29
Q

Stage 1 of meiosis?

A

Pairs of double stranded chromosomes line up.

30
Q

Stage 2 of meiosis?

A

One double stranded chromosome of each pair move to each pole.

31
Q

Stage 3 of meiosis?

A

Two cells are formed

32
Q

Stage 4 of meiosis?

A

Double stranded chromosomes line up

33
Q

Stage 5 of meiosis?

A

Chromosomes separate and move to poles

34
Q

Stage 6 of meiosis?

A

Four daughter cells result with a haploid number of chromosomes

35
Q

Contrast mitosis and meiosis?

A

Meiosis produces gametes while mitosis repairs and makes the body grow.
Meiosis occurs in sex cells while mitosis occurs in all other cells.
Mitosis produces two daughter cells while meiosis produces 4 daughter cells.
Mitosis produces a diploid number of chromosomes while meiosis produces a haploid number of chromosomes.

36
Q

What is a zygote?

A

The cell produced by the union of two gametes.

37
Q

Are all the cells in your body the same cells as when you were born?

A

No. Cells die and are replaced over and over again. They divide over and over again too.

38
Q

What does XX represent?

A

Females

39
Q

What does XY represent?

A

Males

40
Q

What does the haploid number (n) represent?

A

The number of chromosomes found in sex cells

41
Q

What does the diploid number (2n) represent?

A

The number of chromosomes found in body cells

42
Q

How many chromosomes come from your mum?

A

23

43
Q

How many chromosomes come from your dad?

A

23

44
Q

If you have 46 chromosomes, how many of them are sex chromosomes?

A

2

45
Q

If you have 46 chromosomes, how many of them are autosomes?

A

44

46
Q

Define homologous?

A

Chromosomes of the same length

44 autosomes = 22 homologous pairs

47
Q

What does n represent?

A

The haploid number of chromosomes (23).

48
Q

What does 2n represent

A

The diploid number of chromosomes (2 × 23 = 46)

Biology Yr 10 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions